{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:42:56Z","timestamp":1790116976225,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are common after lung transplantation with reported incidence of 8.1% to 16% at 12\u00a0months post\u2010transplant, and 3\u2010month all\u2010cause mortality after IFI of 21.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of IFI and fungal colonization in lung transplants (LTs) from November 2004 to February 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>137 LTs were followed for a median 4.1\u00a0years (IQR 2.1\u20106.2\u00a0years). In addition to nebulized amphotericin for the transplant admission to all LTs, systemic mold\u2010active azole was given to 80\/130 (61.5%) LTs in the first 6\u00a0months post\u2010transplant, 57\/121 (47.1%) in the period 6\u201012\u00a0months after transplant, and 93\/124 (75%) in the period more than 12\u00a0months post\u2010transplant. Mold airways colonization was found in 81 (59.1%) LTs before and 110 (80.3%) LTs after transplantation. There were 13 IFIs for an overall incidence of 2.1 per 100 person\u2010years, occurring at a median 583\u00a0days (IQR 182\u20101110\u00a0days) post\u2010transplant, a cumulative incidence of 3.8% at 1\u00a0year, 7.6% at 3\u00a0years and 10.1% at 5\u00a0years post\u2010transplant. All\u2010cause 3\u2010month mortality after IFI was 7.7%. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species followed by <jats:italic>Scedosporium apiospermum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> species were the commonest fungi causing IFI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort the rate of IFI was comparatively low, likely because of comprehensive early antifungal use and preemptive therapy at any time after transplant. Prospective studies of fungal colonization late after LT are required to determine the risks and benefits of watchful waiting compared to preemptive therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T14:55:31Z","timestamp":1553871331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in lung transplant recipients in Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2557-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Fiona Stanley Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA Perth 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