{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:29:18Z","timestamp":1781292558648,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and prophylaxis with trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2010SMX) is recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors for PCP in KTRs after 6\u2010month TMP\u2010SMX prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010control study of patients with PCP who received 6\u2010month PCP prophylaxis with TMP\u2010SMX after kidney transplantation (KT). In cases of rejection, PCP prophylaxis was provided for six additional months after anti\u2010rejection therapy. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was not considered an indication for PCP prophylaxis due to concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with TMP\u2010SMX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 3941 kidney or pancreas\u2010kidney transplant recipients, 67 (1.7%) developed PCP after discontinuing TMP\u2010SMX. A total of 47 patients with KT PCP and 94 controls were included. Duration of PCP prophylaxis was similar between cases and controls (median 6\u00a0months, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.53). In multivariate analysis, rejection (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.4\u201011.1) and CMV infection (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0\u20105.8) were independently associated with PCP development after TMP\u2010SMX. Rejection or CMV infection was observed in 70% of patients with PCP. Time to PCP development after rejection (median [IQR] 6 [5\u201019] months) was slightly shorter than after CMV infection (median [IQR] 9 [5\u201012] months; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.18).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010prophylaxis PCP occurred in &lt;2% of KTRs, and about two\u2010thirds of these experienced rejection or CMV infection. These data suggest that at least 6 to 9\u2010month additional chemoprophylaxis may be needed to prevent PCP in KTRs with transplant rejection or CMV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T14:28:35Z","timestamp":1578925715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors associated with <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i> pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients after 6\u2010month trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Hee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunwook","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Phil","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Oh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Hee","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6596-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duck Jong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00740.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2003.00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1142-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1407-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","article-title":"Diagnostic 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