{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:53:59Z","timestamp":1780080839277,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polymyxin B (PMB) is a potent antibiotic targeting gram\u2010negative bacteria and is associated with serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reactions. PMB is a therapeutic option for the management of infections caused by multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant (MDR) bacteria and used in combination with other antibiotics when options are limited. We describe the case of a 30\u2010year\u2010old female patient with a complex medical history who underwent a multi\u2010visceral transplantation complicated by intra\u2010abdominal infections. Subsequently, patient developed diffuse skin darkening after initiation of intravenous PMB for treatment of MDR <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Her skin hyperpigmentation was most prominent on her face and forearms. Hyperpigmentation peaked at around 2\u00a0weeks following PMB initiation and was discontinued after 3\u00a0weeks when the possibility of PMB hyperpigmentation was raised and other causes were ruled out. Skin biopsy showed hypermelanosis of the basal layer and melanin deposition in the dermis. Overall clinical picture was consistent with PMB\u2010induced hyperpigmentation. The patient demonstrated some improvement in discoloration within 4\u00a0weeks of PMB discontinuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T12:27:34Z","timestamp":1589027254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Polymyxin B\u2010induced skin hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3990-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumeng M.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Milikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Selvaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian M.","family":"Abbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Skiada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Galimberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Polymyxins revisited. \u2010 PubMed \u2010 NCBI.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18625681."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-015-1798-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015595643"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2019.04.180212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Polymyxin B induced generalized skin hyperpigmentation in infants","volume":"6","author":"Shih LK","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"FD01","article-title":"Polymyxin B\u2010induced diffuse cutaneous hyperpigmentation","volume":"11","author":"Lahiry S","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res 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