{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:45:01Z","timestamp":1753879501060,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis A virus can cause liver damage ranging from mild illness to fulminant hepatic failure, constituting 0.35% of all cases of fulminant liver failure. While rates of spontaneous remission are higher for hepatitis A, recent outbreaks attributable to vaccine shortages in highly populated urban cities plagued by insufficient affordable housing and inaccessible sanitation, and changes in the epidemiology of viral strains have resulted in increased hospitalizations and deaths. While the prognosis for patients with FHF has improved since the introduction of transplantation, the decision to transplant is often difficult to reach. We present five patients with HAV and subsequent FHF, one of whom successfully received a liver transplant. We have reviewed all published cases of HAV FHF in the literature and report ten patients, seven of whom received liver transplantation. There are few predictive models that attempt to distinguish between fulminant hepatitis A and spontaneous recovery. Patients found to have positive hepatitis A IgM, encephalopathy, worsening LFT\u2019s and coagulation should be monitored closely and referred to transplant centers urgently for management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T02:37:52Z","timestamp":1601347072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Liver transplant evaluation for fulminant liver failure due to acute hepatitis A infection: Case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eugenia D.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Whiteley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Devuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Zacharias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Theodoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Bozorgzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo N.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; Immunology Department of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Transplant Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312163292508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199501000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e31823fd077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30270-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Summary of Reported Hepatitis A Cases linked to Person\u2010to\u2010Person Outbreak Massachusetts. 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