{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:23:21Z","timestamp":1787016201890,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the United States, toxoplasmosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem transplant (allo\u2010HCT) is very rare with a rate only between 0.5% and 2%. The reported rates of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) following allo\u2010HCT range between 0.3% and 17%. Secondary HLH due to toxoplasmosis infection is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of secondary HLH due to toxoplasmosis following allo\u2010HCT. The diagnosis was reached by a bone marrow biopsy and confirmed by DNA next generation sequencing and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The IHC staining included CD1a, a stain previously known to react with cells infected by Leishmania, here we show CD1a staining of macrophages infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our report highlights the utility of bone marrow biopsy in diagnosing parasitic infection underlying HLH in post\u2010transplant settings. The pre\u2010transplant evaluation of patients from low endemic countries, is a great opportunity to obtain a travel history to determine the risks and the preventative measures against opportunistic infections including toxoplasmosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T10:15:01Z","timestamp":1617099301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    infection diagnosed by a bone marrow biopsy and DNA next\u2010generation sequencing in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4131-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karam M.","family":"Obeid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ferrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Arbefeville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Slungaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/768645"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans: possible transmission routes in Costa Rica","volume":"44","author":"Arias ML","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Biol Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease C.Parasites \u2013 toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/toxoplasmosis\/epi.html. Accessed 09\/17\/2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-567-ACYM"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2001.003001024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.899687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.168"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in remission complicated by bone marrow granulomas","volume":"41","author":"Gologan R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0637-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-043625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0711-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2008.00310.x"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.13610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tid.13610","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.13610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T07:20:40Z","timestamp":1693207240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.13610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.13610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.13610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13610"}}