{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:01:54Z","timestamp":1788296514479,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI100851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI100851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>can cause severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but diagnosis is often delayed. We conducted a retrospective review of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with toxoplasmosis between 2002 and 2018 at two large US academic transplant centers. Patients were identified by ICD\u20109 or ICD\u201010 toxoplasmosis codes, positive<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>polymerase chain reaction test result, or pathologic diagnosis. Data were collected regarding transplant type, time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis, clinical and radiographic features, and mortality at 30 and 90\u00a0days. Twenty patients were identified: 10 HSCT recipients (80% allogeneic HSCT) and 10 SOT recipients (60% deceased donor renal transplants). Rejection among SOT recipients (70%) and graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis among HSCT recipients (50%) were frequent. Median time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis was longer for SOT than HSCT (1385 vs. 5\u00a0days,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value .002). Clinical manifestations most commonly were encephalitis (65%), respiratory failure (40%), renal failure (40%), and distributive shock (40%). Cohort 30\u2010day mortality was 45%, and 90\u2010day mortality was 55%. Diagnosis was postmortem in 25% of the cohort. Further evaluation of toxoplasmosis screening is needed for noncardiac SOT recipients, HSCT recipients with GVHD, and periods of increased net immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T06:46:40Z","timestamp":1621147600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of toxoplasmosis among transplant recipients at two US academic medical centers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth O.","family":"Adekunle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer O.","family":"Spicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6411-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Steinbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Elizabeth","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Marshall","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneesh K.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun K.","family":"Phadke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.190814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Donor\u2010Derived Toxoplasmosis in Solid Organ Transplant 2008\u20102015:Opportunities for Improvement.ATC 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