{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:40:26Z","timestamp":1783086026788,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the etiologies, risk factors, and microbiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) among intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients in the 2\u2010year post\u2010operative period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective medical record review of adult intestinal or multivisceral transplant recipients between 2003 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to describe cohort data. Logistic regression was used to assess factors related to BSIs using a backward selection process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010hundred and six intestinal or multivisceral transplants were performed in 103 individuals. Fifty\u2010eight percent (n\u00a0=\u00a062) developed a BSI in the 2\u2010year post\u2010operative period with a median time to first BSI of 53\u00a0days (interquartile range [IQR] 15, 169). The majority of BSIs were catheter related 38% (n\u00a0=\u00a058) when the source was known. Common microbiological isolates included enterococcus 20% (n\u00a0=\u00a036\/174), coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus 14% (n\u00a0=\u00a023), and 12% <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp (n\u00a0=\u00a021). Forty\u2010seven percent (n\u00a0=\u00a017) of the enterococci were resistant to vancomycin, and 14% (n\u00a0=\u00a010\/70) of the gram negatives were extended spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL) producers. In adjusted analyses, (OR: 0.200 95% CI: 0.2, 0.514, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009) men were less likely to have a BSI. Transplant recipient age, allograft type, comorbidities, rejection, and length of stay were not noted to be risk factors for development of BSIs in our cohort. Mortality at 2\u2010years post\u2010transplant was similar for those who did not develop a BSI and those that developed infection, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.5028.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BSIs are a common complication of intestinal transplantation, and central venous catheters were a common source. Interventions such as early catheter removal should be implemented to prevent infections in this population. Female sex association with BSI requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T14:08:47Z","timestamp":1624025327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bloodstream infections among intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Spence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Novick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Burkhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Girlanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantation Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Timpone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 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transplantation and gut microbiota: current reviews and future challenges","volume":"10","author":"Xiao J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318256f9c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(00)01189-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200007270-00011"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious 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