{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:45:30Z","timestamp":1753879530171,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal management of immunosuppression in transplant patients infected with COVID\u201019 is unknown. We performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of individual immunosuppressive agents on SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific T\u2010cell cytokine expression. Convalescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eleven non\u2010immunosuppressed patients with COVID\u201019 were preincubated with clinically relevant concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, prednisone) and then stimulated with a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 peptide pool. Supernatants were analyzed by 14\u2010plex high sensitivity T\u2010cell cytokine array. With increasing concentrations of tacrolimus, there was a trend to reduction in the release of IL\u20102 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0137), and IFN\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0147) in response to peptide stimulation. There was also a subsequent trend toward a Th2 phenotype, indicated by lower IFN\u2010\u03b3:IL\u201013 ratio (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0663) and IFN\u03b3:IL\u20104 ratio (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0176). Sirolimus appeared to be associated with a proinflammatory cytokine release, including TNF\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0027) and IL\u20101\u03b2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0016), in response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 peptides. In contrast, mycophenolate and prednisone did not influence the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific cytokine response. These are preliminary findings only, with larger studies required to inform clinical recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:50:24Z","timestamp":1634766624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of immunosuppression on the immune response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection: A mechanistic study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria G.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1472-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1961-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepali","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1751-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atul","family":"Humar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi\u2010Organ Transplant Program University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32137-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","article-title":"COVID\u201019 in solid organ transplant: a multi\u2010center cohort study","author":"Kates OS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"American Society of Transplantation.2019\u2010nCoV (coronavirus): FAQs for organ transplantation.https:\/\/www.myast.org\/sites\/default\/files\/COVID19%20FAQ%20Tx%20Centers%2010.26.2020.pdf. 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