{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:16:58Z","timestamp":1791238618672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01\u2010AI165671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01\u2010AI165671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08\u2010AI171183\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08\u2010AI171183\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 \u2010AI100851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 \u2010AI100851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes from Gram\u2010negative bacteremia (GNB) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single center prospective cohort study comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SOT recipients with GNB to immunocompetent non\u2010SOT patients with GNB between 1\/1\/2002 through 12\/31\/2018. Outcomes of interest included incidence of septic shock, respiratory failure, and time to death. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with incidence of septic shock and respiratory failure. Time to death was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 297 SOT and 1245 immunocompetent non\u2010SOT patients were included. Incidence of septic shock did not significantly differ between the groups (SOT 25.3% vs. non\u2010SOT 24.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .8225). Overall survival did not significantly differ by transplant status (30\u2010day survival: SOT 76%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 70, 92, non\u2010SOT 74%, 95% CI 71, 77: log rank: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .76). SOT recipients taking three immunosuppressive medications had significantly lower odds of developing septic shock or respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation than those taking \u22641 agent (shock: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29, 95% CI 0.09, 0.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .0316; respiratory failure: aOR 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .0020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SOT recipients with GNB do not experience higher rates of septic shock, respiratory failure, or mortality than immnon\u2010SOT recipients with GNB. Among SOT recipients, a greater number of immunosuppressive medications may be associated with improved outcomes during GNB. Future studies are needed to understand the potential relationship between levels of immunosuppression and clinical outcome in SOT recipients with GNB.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid13969-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T05:15:08Z","timestamp":1669094108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gram\u2010negative bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients: Clinical characteristics and outcomes as compared to immunocompetent non\u2010transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Eichenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Ruffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua T.","family":"Thaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Vance G.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Duke University Medical Center  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