{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:50:54Z","timestamp":1780757454080,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention led an investigation to determine if <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection in a right kidney recipient was an existing chronic infection, or if the infection was transmitted from an infected organ donor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence regarding the organ donor and organ recipients <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> testing, treatment, and risk factors were gathered and evaluated. The case classification algorithm created by the Disease Transmission Advisory Committee was utilized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The organ donor had risk factors for <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection; the banked donor specimen, submitted for serology testing 112 days post\u2010donor death, was positive. The right kidney recipient was negative for <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection pretransplant. <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection was diagnosed via small bowel and stomach biopsies. The left kidney recipient had risk factors for <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection. Two posttransplant <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> antibody tests were negative at 59 and 116 days posttransplant; repeat antibody tests returned positive at 158 and 190 days posttransplant.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Examination of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid collected 110 days posttransplant from the heart recipient showed a parasite morphologically consistent with <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> species. She subsequently developed complications from <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection, including hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis. Based on the evidence from our investigation, donor\u2010derived strongyloidiasis was suspected in one recipient and proven in two recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this investigation support the importance of preventing donor\u2010derived <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infections by laboratory\u2010based serology testing of solid organ donors. Donor positive testing results would direct the monitoring and treatment of recipients to avoid severe complications.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid14059-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1680503157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Investigation of donor\u2010derived <i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i> infection in multiple solid organ transplant recipients\u2014California, Michigan, Ohio, 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AdeSubomi","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8977-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4080-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Chancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pallavi","family":"Annambhotla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly","family":"Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor University of California Medical Center, Kidney Transplant Program  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyan","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Hospital  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Malilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Hospital  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services  Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Global observatory on donation and transplantation.GODT. Accessed April 5 2022.http:\/\/www.transplant\u2010observatory.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Organ procurement & transplantation network. National data. Transplants by donor type.OPTN. Accessed April 5 2022.https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/data\/view\u2010data\u2010reports\/national\u2010data\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"All\u2010time records again set in 2021 for organ transplants organ donation from deceased donors.United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Accessed April 5 2022.https:\/\/unos.org\/news\/2021\u2010all\u2010time\u2010records\u2010organ\u2010transplants\u2010deceased\u2010donor\u2010donation#:~:text=A%20total%20of%2013%2C861% 20people of%2010.1% 20percent%20over%202020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Parasites\u2010strongyloides.Epidemiology & risk factors.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 5 2022.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/strongyloides\/epi.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Strongyloides antibody IgG by ELISA serum. Accessed October 16 2022.ARUP Laboratories.https:\/\/ltd.aruplab.com\/Tests\/Pub\/0099564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"OPTN ad hoc disease transmission advisory committee meeting summary November 1 2022 conference call.Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Accessed January 27 2023.https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/media\/w23jvude\/20221101_dtac\u2010meeting\u2010summary.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102020\u2010002321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101561"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.14059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T19:11:53Z","timestamp":1692472313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.14059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.14059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.14059","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14059"}}