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This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was performed using PubMed with keywords and MeSH terms pertaining to the topics of nontuberculous mycobacteria, hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, cellular therapies, chimeric antigen therapies, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Additionally, we examined the reference lists of the included articles to identify other pertinent studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosing mycobacterial disease among patients with hematologic disease and treatment\u2010associated immunosuppressive conditions is challenging due to the lack of distinctive clinical, radiographic, and laboratory markers, as well as the atypical manifestations compared to immunocompetent patients. Treatment involves using a combination of antibiotics for extended durations, coupled with strategies to achieve source control and reduce immunosuppression when feasible. This is complicated by the absence of clear data correlating in\u2010vitro drug susceptibility and clinical outcome for many antimicrobials use to treat NTM, adverse drug\u2010drug interactions, and the frequent challenges related to poor medication tolerability and toxicities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rising incidence and corresponding clinical challenges of mycobacterial infections in this unique patient population necessitate a heightened awareness and familiarity of NTM disease by clinicians to achieve timely diagnosis and favorable treatment outcomes.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid14127-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:48:14Z","timestamp":1692683294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4331-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"El Zein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361211036773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1147454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473\u20103099(22)00227\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02838\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100507.2010.01977.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111\u20102016OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201412\u2010559OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010016\u20101521\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Tuberculosis Data and Statistics.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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