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Although potential benefits are clear, concerns revolve around efficacy, potential harms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces neutropenic fever (NF) bloodstream infections and other serious bacterial infections, based on evidence from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies in adults and children. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis may also reduce infection\u2010related morbidity and healthcare costs; however, evidence is conflicting. Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones are well recognized in the general population; however, studies in the cancer cohort where it is used for a defined period of neutropenia have not reflected this. The largest concern for routine use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis remains AMR, as many, but not all, observational studies have found that fluoroquinolone prophylaxis might increase the risk of AMR, and some studies have suggested negative impacts on patient outcomes as a result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The debate surrounding fluoroquinolone prophylaxis calls for individualized risk assessment based on patient characteristics and local AMR patterns, and prophylaxis should be restricted to patients at the highest risk of serious infection during the highest risk periods to ensure that the risk\u2010benefit analysis is in favor of individual and community benefit. More research is needed to address important unanswered questions about fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with cancer or receiving HSCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T08:51:23Z","timestamp":1695631883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia at high risk of serious infections: Exploring pros and cons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Thursky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship Department of Infectious Diseases University of Melbourne Melbourne  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Maron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.2.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.0884"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.2347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2010.527408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2009.01.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Catheter\u2010associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology\u2010oncology patients: factors associated with catheter removal and recurrence","volume":"28","author":"Adler A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2010.02343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-560847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000165560.90814.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-091942"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Baden SS Almyroudis N Angarone M et\u00a0al.Prevention and Treatment of Cancer\u2010Related Infections202311\/07\/2023. 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