{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:13:51Z","timestamp":1770153231235,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>There are limited real\u2010world data on the effectiveness of tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab as pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis of COVID\u201019. We describe lessons learned when coordinating data collection and identifying breakthrough SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections among patients across indications and institutions in a major US city. The Chicago Department of Public Health requested patient\u2010level tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab administration data from all prescribing providers in Chicago, for treatments December 8, 2021 through June 30, 2022. Records were matched to COVID\u201019 vaccinations and laboratory\u2010confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections through December 31, 2022. Due to difficulty collecting data from all providers, targeted follow\u2010up was conducted to improve completeness on key variables (demographics, vaccination status, clinical indication for prophylaxis). Over half of reported tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab administrations were to patients residing outside Chicago. Five hundred forty\u2010four Chicago residents who received at least one dose of tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab were included in this analysis. Most were age 50 years or older (72%), Black non\u2010Latinx (33%) or White non\u2010Latinx (29%), and fully vaccinated (80%). Seventy\u2010five patients (14%) had laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019. Patients with and without breakthrough infections were demographically similar. Clinical indication was missing for &gt;95% of cases, improved to 64% after follow\u2010up; the most frequently specified was hematologic malignancy (10%). Severe outcomes were uncommon: 16% had documented COVID\u201019\u2010related hospitalizations, one death was identified. Tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab recipients in Chicago had a lower rate of severe SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection than reported among other untreated high\u2010risk patients, including during predominance of non\u2010neutralizing variants. Improving stakeholder collaboration is essential for generation of real\u2010world effectiveness data, informing pandemic preparedness and optimizing use of medical countermeasures.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid14194-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T18:56:10Z","timestamp":1700679370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Breakthrough SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections among recipients of tixagevimab\u2010cilgavimab prophylaxis: A citywide real\u2010world effectiveness study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1167-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances R.","family":"Lendacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graeme N.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leirah","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Zelinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3347-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Ison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases NIAID\/NIH  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Department of Public Health  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Evusheld.Food and Drug Administration. Accessed May 25 2023.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/154701\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"FDA announces Evusheld is not currently authorized for emergency use in the U.S. FDA.Food and Drug Administration. Accessed May 26 2023.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug\u2010safety\u2010and\u2010availability\/fda\u2010announces\u2010evusheld\u2010not\u2010currently\u2010authorized\u2010emergency\u2010use\u2010us"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"BenotmaneI VelayA VargasGG et\u00a0al.Breakthrough Covid\u201019 cases despite tixagevimab and cilgavimab (EvusheldTM) prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients. medRxiv.2022.Accessed May 25 2023.https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2022.03.19.22272575v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.17128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young\u2010XuY EpsteinL MarconiVC et\u00a0al.Tixagevimab\/Cilgavimab for Prevention of COVID\u201019 during the Omicron Surge: Retrospective Analysis of National VA Electronic Data. medRxiv.2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.05.28.22275716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Process for ordering COVID\u201019 therapeutics: the health partner ordering portal (HPOP).U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.https:\/\/aspr.hhs.gov:443\/COVID\u201019\/Therapeutics\/Distribution\/Pages\/process\u2010for\u2010ordering.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Attachment A\u2010Public health authority and surveillance activities.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 020. Accessed May 25 2023.https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/sachrp\u2010committee\/recommendations\/attachment\u2010public\u2010health\u2010authority\u2010and\u2010surveillance\u2010activities\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Order of the Commissioner of Health of the City of Chicago No. 2020\u20134 \u2010 second amended and re\u2010issued (medical data\u2010sharing requirements).City of Chicago.2022. Accessed May 25 2023.https:\/\/www.chicago.gov\/content\/dam\/city\/sites\/covid\/health\u2010orders\/2022\/2020\u20104%20reissued%2002.2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36990-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2306226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1894"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.14194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T06:35:57Z","timestamp":1721198157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.14194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.14194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.14194","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14194"}}