{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:54:41Z","timestamp":1782863681711,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gram\u2010negative bacillary bloodstream infection (GN\u2010BSI) is a frequent clinical challenge among immunocompromised hosts and is associated with a high mortality. The utility of follow\u2010up blood cultures (FUBCs) for GN\u2010BSI in this population, particularly in the setting of neutropenia, is poorly defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a single\u2010center, retrospective cohort study between the period of July 2018 and April 2022 to investigate the utility of FUBCs and delineate risk factors for positive cultures among neutropenic patients with monomicrobial GN\u2010BSI. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors associated with positive FUBCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 206 patients, 98% had FUBCs performed, and 9% were positive. Risk factors for positive FUBCs included multidrug\u2010resistant GN infection (OR 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22\u20138.72) and vascular catheter source (OR 4.82; CI 1.76\u201313.17). Among patients lacking these risk factors, the prevalence of positive FUBCs was low (2.8%) and the negative predictive value was 92%. Those with positive and negative FUBCs had similar rates of all\u2010cause mortality (16.7% vs. 16.6%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.942) and microbiologic relapse (11.1% vs. 6.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.401) within 90\u2010days of treatment completion. However, positive FUBCs were associated with prolonged hospitalization and longer duration of antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive FUBCs were infrequent in neutropenic patients with GN\u2010BSI, and their occurrence did not significantly impact mortality or microbiologic relapse. Risk factors for positive FUBCs included multidrug resistant Gram\u2010negative infection and vascular catheter source. Prospective studies will be necessary to elucidate the benefits and risks of FUBCs when managing GN\u2010BSI in patients with underlying immune compromise.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid14203-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T01:09:43Z","timestamp":1701133783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors for positive follow\u2010up blood cultures in Gram\u2010negative bacteremia among immunocompromised patients with neutropenia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nischal","family":"Ranganath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Yetmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Abu","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Tande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02429-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30447-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04141-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.32576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Centers 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