{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:25:13Z","timestamp":1788582313794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Development of brain abscess following solid organ transplantation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We undertook a descriptive study to evaluate the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of brain abscess in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at three major transplant centers in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective study of adults with brain abscess following SOT between January 2000 and June 2021 at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Minnesota, and Florida.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 39 patients were diagnosed with a brain abscess following SOT. The most common pathogens were <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> sp. (24 cases, 61.5% [<jats:italic>Nocardia farcinica<\/jats:italic>, 37.5%]), followed by fungi (12 cases, 30.7% [<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> sp., 83.3%]). The majority were kidney transplant recipients (59%). Median time to brain abscess diagnosis was 1.3 years (range, 29 days\u201312 years) after SOT; 10 of 12 patients (83%) with fungal brain abscess were diagnosed within 1 year after SOT. Twelve patients underwent brain biopsy for diagnosis (25% <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> vs. 50% fungal), eight (20.5%) underwent surgical resection of the abscess, and 31 (79.5%) received antimicrobial therapy alone. Median time to brain abscess resolution was 166 days for <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> and 356 days for fungal pathogens. Eleven of 39 patients (28.2%) died as a result of their brain abscess, including four of 24 patients (16%) with <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> and six of 10 patients (60%) with <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> brain abscess. All\u2010cause mortality was 43.6%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain abscess remains an uncommon infectious complication following SOT. <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> and fungi accounted for 92% of pathogens in our cohort. Fungal brain abscess portends a poor prognosis.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid14394-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T06:19:56Z","timestamp":1728886796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain abscess following solid organ transplantation: A 21\u2010year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah M.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pool J. Tobar","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reena N.","family":"Yaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene E.","family":"Girardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic  Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Beam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymund R.","family":"Razonable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Saling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic  Phoenix Arizona 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