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To address this gap, we conducted a narrative review of the literature on IRIS in HCT recipients, including 21 studies encompassing 53 patients. The majority of reported patients had inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and developed IRIS associated with Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG)\u2010infection from prior vaccination (\u201cBCG\u2010IRIS\u201d). The remainder had IRIS linked to other infections, most commonly\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Non\u2010tuberculous mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\u201cnon\u2013BCG\u2010IRIS\u201d). The median time between transplant and IRIS was 3\u00a0months; however, some patients developed IRIS multiple years posttransplant. BCG\u2010IRIS was predominantly unmasking, while non\u2013BCG\u2010IRIS was mostly associated with a new infection acquired after HCT alongside immune recovery and\/or changes in immunosuppression (\u201cpost\u2010HCT infection IRIS\u201d). Inflammatory biomarkers and tissue pathology were helpful in distinguishing IRIS from uncontrolled infection. Initiation or continuation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in the peri\u2010transplant period was foremost in the prevention and treatment of IRIS. Use of steroidal and nonsteroidal immunosuppression was common, while surgery was used as an adjunctive measure to infection control. Recrudescence of IRIS symptoms was common with discontinuation or decrease in immunosuppression. About one\u2010third of the patients were reported to have graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease, and the rate of graft failure was 8%. The mortality rate was 15%, with most deaths attributed to superimposed infections. Through this review, we aim to highlight that IRIS is an under\u2010recognized entity in HCT recipients and future research is needed to explore its pathogenesis, risk factors, and management in this complex patient population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:35:37Z","timestamp":1739867737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infection\u2010Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5828-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansi","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland 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