{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:11:37Z","timestamp":1791756697213,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Updated benchmark data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are necessary to increase clinical recognition and inform treatment and prevention strategies. We estimated IFD incidence and potential risk factors in transplant recipients in a large US commercial health insurance database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed patients who received SOT or HCT during 2018\u20132022 until IFD development, disenrollment, or database end date (July 31, 2023). We calculated incidence (per 1000 person\u2010years) and time to IFD development, comparing demographic features and underlying conditions for IFD versus non\u2010IFD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 9143 patients received an SOT (5667 kidney, 2025 liver, 759 heart, 650 lung, 39 pancreas, 3 intestine), and 5693 patients received an HCT (3519 autologous, 2114 allogeneic, 60 unspecified type). Among SOT patients, 360 developed an IFD (incidence: 21.0 [per 1000 person\u2010years]). Mold infections had the highest incidence (7.1), followed by unspecified mycoses (3.9) and endemic mycoses (3.3). Among HCT patients, 292 developed an IFD (incidence: 28.5), with higher incidence among allogeneic (58.4) versus autologous (12.8) HCT recipients; among all HCT recipients, unspecified mycoses had the highest incidence (8.3), then pneumocystosis (7.6), and mold infections (6.7). Median time to IFD was 173.5 days for SOT recipients and 197.5 days for HCT recipients. IFD risk varied substantially by transplant type, region, and certain underlying conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results suggest that IFDs remain an important cause of infection among SOT and HCT recipients, particularly later in the posttransplant period, and highlight the need for prevention strategies.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tid70077-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T04:04:17Z","timestamp":1751947457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Invasive Fungal Disease in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients, United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A. W.","family":"Gold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Chiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Lyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, CDC  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Ostrosky\u2010Zeichner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration \u201cContinued Increase in Organ Donation Drives New Records in 2023; New Milestones Exceeded \u201d accessed June 6 2024 https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/news\/continued\u2010increase\u2010in\u2010organ\u2010donation\u2010drives\u2010new\u2010records\u2010in\u20102023\u2010new\u2010milestones\u2010exceeded."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration. \u201cDonation and Transplantation Statistics \u201d accessed June 4 2024 https:\/\/bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov\/data\/donation\u2010and\u2010transplantation\u2010statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936113491936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7311a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03174\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tid.70077","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:00:03Z","timestamp":1773054003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.70077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.70077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.70077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70077"}}