{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:01:44Z","timestamp":1770818504037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver transplant (LT) recipients are vulnerable to COVID\u201019 due to immunosuppression and comorbidities. This study evaluated the association between social determinants of health (SDOH) and COVID\u201019\u2010related mortality (C19M) in LT recipients in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to collect information on adult LT recipients between March 13, 2010 and December 31, 2023. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for C19M among primary LT recipients using univariable and multivariable competing risk analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 82\u00a0995 prevalent LT recipients with 7817 non\u2010C19 deaths and 671 C19M. Non\u2010medical factors associated with higher C19M included Hispanic ethnicity (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]\u00a0= 1.72; 95% CI\u00a0= 1.31\u20132.26; ref = White), Native American\/American Indian race (SHR\u00a0 = \u00a03.59; 95% CI\u00a0 = \u00a02.29\u20135.64; ref = White), Medicare insurance (SHR\u00a0 = \u00a01.40; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.16\u20131.69; ref = private insurance), less than\u00a0high school\u2010level education (SHR\u00a0 = \u00a01.35; 95% CI\u00a0 = \u00a01.14\u20131.59; ref = &gt;\u00a0high school\u2010level education), and residency in highly distressed communities (highest Distressed Community Index (DCI); SHR =\u00a01.33; 95% CI\u00a0 = \u00a01.01\u20131.75; ref = lowest DCI). Medical factors associated with higher C19M included higher BMI, diabetes, MELD score, and simultaneous liver and kidney transplants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SDOH are significantly associated with C19M in LT recipients. While focused on the United States, these findings have international relevance, emphasizing the importance of integrating SDOH into transplant risk assessment and targeted public health interventions. Addressing social and geographic disparities is critical for protecting immunocompromised transplant populations during the pandemic and other infectious\u2010related emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:49:32Z","timestamp":1766407772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Determinants of Health Impact COVID\u201019\u2010Related Mortality Among Liver Transplant Recipients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anna H.","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deena N.","family":"Brosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Arrigain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor L.","family":"Nydam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Pomfret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Pomposelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of Surgery Tufts Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine  Burlington Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse D.","family":"Schold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Center for Transplantation Care Research and Education (CCTCARE)  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanik J.","family":"Bababekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of Surgery Tufts Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine  Burlington Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"iC42 Clinical Research and Development Laboratory Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado\u2010Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"CDC\/ATSDR's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 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