{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:20:32Z","timestamp":1786123232975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Intravesical Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine for tuberculosis. Intravesical BCG (iBCG) administration is a highly effective immunotherapy for non\u2010muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although live attenuated vaccines are generally contraindicated in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR), iBCG has been utilized for NMIBC in SOTR. We describe the clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes of disseminated\n Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010BCG infection (Mb\u2010BCGi) following iBCG therapy in SOTR for NMIBC.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n All adult patients (>\u00a018\u00a0years of age) diagnosed with NMIBC who received iBCG across three tertiary referral and transplant centers between 2000 and 2025 were identified. The study cohort consisted of SOTR who had received iBCG for NMIBC and subsequently developed disseminated Mb\u2010BCGi. English language literature review was performed to identify additional cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 4207 patients received iBCG during the study period. Thirty (0.71%) were SOTR, of whom two (6.7%) developed disseminated Mb\u2010BCGi, including bloodstream infection and prostate abscesses. Literature review identified two additional disseminated Mb\u2010BCGi cases in SOTR with lungs, bloodstream, and native kidney involvement, and one fatality. All cases required extended antimycobacterial therapy. Median times from SOT to Mb\u2010BCGi and from iBCG to Mb\u2010BCGi were 104 and 8\u00a0months, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n SOTR appear to be at a higher risk of disseminated Mb\u2010BCGi following iBCG. Administration of iBCG in SOTR with NMIBC warrants careful risk\u2010benefit assessment and subsequent close monitoring.\n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:59:51Z","timestamp":1776783591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disseminated\n Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n \u2010BCG Infection Following Intravesical BCG Administration in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Paavana","family":"Varanasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Center Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology & Transplant Nephrology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Wengenack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Eric","family":"Steidley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Center Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Division of Advanced Heart Failure & Transplant Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavanya","family":"Kodali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Center Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology & Transplant Nephrology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holenarasipur R.","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Center Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20103062.2010.00506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508\u2010013\u20100343\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3265\/Nefrologia.pre"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefro.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/256985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000090748.32764.0F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u2010410X.2012.11778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345\u2010022\u201004188\u20109"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70220","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tid.70220","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1786110272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.70220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.70220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.70220","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70220"}}