{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:51:34Z","timestamp":1791258694046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n is an intestinal parasitic nematode that can infect humans with a 2%\u20137% prevalence in the United States. Immunosuppression is a crucial risk factor for disseminated infection. Diagnosis is often delayed and targeted treatment is frequently initiated late. We therefore sought to review the prevalence of positive\n Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n antibody results and undertook a descriptive analysis of such patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We retrospectively reviewed patients with positive\n Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n IgG serology from August 2012 to April 2023 across geographically distinct academic medical centers. Study period pre\u2010dated universal donor and recipient\n Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n screening recommendation by the Organ Procurement and transplantation network (OPTN).\u00a0Clinical presentation was classified into three categories: chronic infection (positive\n Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n IgG serology without additional clinical manifestations), hyperinfection syndrome (positive serology with involvement of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or lungs), and disseminated infection (positive serology with involvement beyond those typically involved in hyperinfection).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 412 patients were identified; median age was 59 years and 66% (272) were male. The primary indication for testing was pretransplant evaluation in 230 (56%), eosinophilia workup in 84 (20%), suspicion of symptomatic infection in 74 (18%), testing based on travel history in 27 (7%), and pre\u2010immunosuppression screening in 27 (7%). Furthermore, 401 patients (97.3%) were categorized as having chronic infection, 10 patients (2.42%) had hyperinfection, and one patient (0.24%) had disseminated infection, presenting with\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n bacteremia and meningitis. Symptomatic infection was more common at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester and Mayo Clinic Health Sciences than at the Arizona and Florida Mayo Clinic sites (6%\u00a0vs. 2%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.079). Treatment was administered to 366\/412 (89%) patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Most patients with positive\n Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n serology were asymptomatic, and treatment regimens were not uniform. Patients who tested positive should be treated prior to immunosuppression initiation, though this was not systematically assessed in this cohort. The observed variability in treatment regimens highlights the need for standardized protocols.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:44:25Z","timestamp":1784029465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Positive\n Strongyloides<\/i>\n Serology: A Descriptive Analysis Across Geographically Distinct Academic Medical Centers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7587-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya R.","family":"Nagarakanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamilah L.","family":"Shubeilat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Abdulsahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha P.","family":"Dyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Biostatistics Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Kaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holenarasipur R.","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Transplant Center Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.5.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(06)68653\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1851922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11\u20100214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.5.569"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"Prevalence of Soil\u2010Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Rural Population of Bali","volume":"31","author":"Widjana D. P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2000.00063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cStrongyloides \u201dCenters for Disease Control and Prevention accessed October 3 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/strongyloidiasis\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096\u2010005\u20100070\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408\u2010022\u201000528\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"\u201cStrongyloides ratti IgG ELISA (AF 9450) \u201dBordier Affinity Products accessed November 19 2025 http:\/\/www.bordier.ch\/9450%20Strongylo%C3%AFdes%20ratti\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02368\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.208\u2010217.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20105085(81)90261\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2021-0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy210.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2024.2406690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"\u201cClinical Care of Strongyloides \u201dCenters for Disease Control and Prevention published February 16 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/strongyloides\/hcp\/clinical\u2010care\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13618"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70276","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tid.70276","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1791256609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.70276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.70276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.70276","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70276"}}