{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:02:26Z","timestamp":1789390946094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Kidney transplant recipients in endemic areas are at risk of\n                      <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      reactivation or donor\u2010derived infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of all kidney transplants conducted between January 2018 and October 2023. Patients at risk for Chagas disease were defined as those with a seropositive donor and seronegative recipient (D+\/R\u2212), a seronegative donor and seropositive recipient (D\u2212\/R+), or a seropositive donor and a seropositive recipient (D+\/R+). Screening was based on serology. Posttransplant monitoring included parasitemia detection using direct microscopy (Strout method) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Outcomes included Chagas reactivation or primary infection, parasitemia dynamics, and clinical outcomes. Data on immunosuppression, rejection treatment, and graft and patient survival were also collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 954 kidney transplant recipients, 48 (5%) were identified as being at risk. Two patients were excluded (follow\u2010up at another center,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1; immediate graft loss due to hyperacute rejection,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1). qPCR detected parasitemia in 3\/17 (18%) seropositive recipients and 2\/28 (7%) recipients of organs from seropositive donors. (One of these two patients was non\u2010adherent to monitoring, and developed parasitemia detectable by the Strout method and clinical disease). Antitrypanosomal therapy was initiated in five patients (benznidazole,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4; nifurtimox,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), including three R+ and two D+\/R\u2212 cases, all achieving molecular clearance. During follow\u2010up (median: 29.77 months (range: 8.49\u201380.7), no patient developed further clinical manifestations after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Molecular monitoring allows early detection of Chagas reactivation or transmission after kidney transplantation. Preemptive treatment triggered by parasitemia appears effective in preventing progression to clinical disease, with favorable long\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:02:46Z","timestamp":1789387366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kidney Transplantation in Patients at Risk for Chagas Reactivation or Transmission: A Real\u2010World Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7459-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Victor","family":"Radisic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC)  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Pujato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC)  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-8607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"del Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC)  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5614-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria del Carmen","family":"Rial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC)  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanza","family":"Lopez\u2010Albizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional De Parasitologia Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Transplantation Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC)  Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908\u2010026\u201000880\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"\"Guia para la Atenci\u00f3n al Paciente Infectado con Trypanosoma cruzi. Secretaria de Gobierno de Salud. Secretar\u00eda de Promoci\u00f3n de la Salud Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de Riesgos. Subsecretar\u00eda de Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de Enfermedades Comunicables e Inmunoprevenibles Direcci\u00f3n Nacional de Epidemiologia y An\u00e1lisis de Situaci\u00f3n de Salud \u00c1rea de Vigilancia de la Salud Coordinaci\u00f3n de Vectores Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d. Instituto Nacional de Parasitolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Mario Fatala Chab\u00e9n\u201d Centro Nacional de Diagn\u00f3stico e Investigaci\u00f3n de Endemoepidemias (CeNDIE) \"Enfermedad de Chagas accessed April 4 2026 https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/bancos\/2020\u201001\/chagas\u2010atencion\u2010paciente\u2010infectado\u20102018.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679\u201049742016000500002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpara.2023.1138375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chagas Disease","author":"Pan American Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20106143.2007.01820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000437673.86339.82"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Chagas Disease and Outcome in Kidney Transplant","volume":"17","author":"Taylor M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04660\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01357-22"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tid.70319","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tid.70319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:02:51Z","timestamp":1789387371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tid.70319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tid.70319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.70319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70319"}}