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This review attempts to assess the relevance and format of tests for viruses in the context of transfusion transmitted infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTI<\/jats:styled-content>) prevalence in India. Serological marker testing for human immunodeficiency virus\u20101\/2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/2), hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) is mandatory in India. Numerous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTI<\/jats:styled-content> incidents in the repeat recipients supported by results from nucleic acid technology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content>) testing indicate the deficiencies in blood safety. The \u03b2\u2010thalassaemic population (3\u201317%) in India has been used to reflect on blood safety. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> in the Indian donor population, the limitations in accessing safe donors, quality of serological tests and the impact on repeat recipients is evaluated. The reports point to prevalence of \u02dc2% of viral diseases in the blood donor population, and the insufficiency of serology testing resulting in up to 45% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTIs<\/jats:styled-content> in thalassaemics. The revelation by individual donation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content> testing, of 1 per 310 units being serology negative\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content> reactive is alarming. Extrapolating the serology negative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content> reactive yields, for an annual blood supply of 7\u00b79\u2009million units, 23\u2009700 units or nearly 100\u2009000 blood components are likely to be infectious. Though the cost for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID\u2010NAT<\/jats:styled-content> testing is considered unaffordable for a medium development country such as India, the enormity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTIs<\/jats:styled-content> will place an unmanageable cost burden on the society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T13:17:54Z","timestamp":1394198274000},"page":"79-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Transfusion transmitted infections in thalassaemics: need for reappraisal of blood screening strategy in India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Shyamala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Diagnostics, Inc. 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