{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:49:59Z","timestamp":1788446999347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>An important element in the development of voluntary blood donation schemes throughout the world has been the attention given to minimising the risk to recipients of donated blood, primarily the risk of transfusion transmitted infections. In response to the appearance of human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) in the 1980s a range of national policies emerged that excluded populations at high risk of contracting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> from donating blood, with a particular focus on men who have sex with men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>), the primary reason being the protection of recipients of donated blood. Recently some countries, including the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, have revised their policies, informed by advances in screening tests, epidemiological evidence of transmission rates and an increasing concern about unfair discrimination of specific groups in society. Policy makers face a difficult task of balancing safety of recipients; an adequate blood supply for those who require transfusion; and societal\/legal obligations to treat everyone fairly. Given that no transfusion is risk free, the question is what degree of risk is acceptable in order to meet the needs of recipients and society. Decisions about acceptance of risk are complex and policy makers who set acceptable risk levels must provide ethically justifiable reasons for their decisions. We suggest it is possible to provide a set of reasons that stakeholders could agree are relevant based on careful evaluation of the evidence of all relevant risks and explicit acknowledgement of other morally relevant values. We describe using such a process in the Safety of Blood Tissue and Organs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SaBTO<\/jats:styled-content>) review of donor deferral criteria related to sexual behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T05:53:02Z","timestamp":1437371582000},"page":"234-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Who should donate blood? Policy decisions on donor deferral criteria should protect recipients and be fair to donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"S. R.","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Directorate National Health Service Blood and Transplant  Colindale UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Birmingham Children's Hospital  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health NHS Lanarkshire  Bothwell UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Slowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick  Warwick UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Directorate National Health Service Blood and Transplant  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Blood Donor Selection Steering Group of the Advisory Committee for the Safety of Blood, Tissues, Organs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Donor Selection Criteria Review","author":"Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood Tissue and Organs","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service(2012)Blood Donor Deferrals Relating to Sexual Activity. URLhttp:\/\/www.bloodrulesreview.com.au\/files\/upload\/blood_review_report_may_2012_electronic_version.pdf(Accessed 30\/07\/12)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1088-4963.1997.tb00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2007.00754.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160903487619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Blood donation by MSM in New Zealand: Understanding the Roles of Populational HIV Prevalence, Individual Risk Behaviours, and Risk Reduction Versus Risk Elimination. Research, Analysis and Information Unit Analysis Paper","author":"Hughes A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"National Archives(2010)Equality Act. URLhttp:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2010\/15\/contents(Accessed 30\/07\/12)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Risk: Analysis, Perception and Management","author":"Royal Society Study Group","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0272-4332.00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Changing blood donor screening criteria from permanent deferral for men who have sex with men to individual sexual risk assessment: no evidence of a significant impact on the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Suligoi B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy","author":"Titmuss R.M.","year":"1970"}],"container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftme.12225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tme.12225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T15:01:23Z","timestamp":1696172483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tme.12225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tme.12225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tme.12225","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-7578","1365-3148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-7578","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}