{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:35Z","timestamp":1760147375654},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21GM107840","1R41HL127543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21GM107840","1R41HL127543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"SUMMARY<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>To assess the potential utility of a novel non\u2010invasive muscle oxygen measurement to determine the presence of muscle hypoxia in patients with anaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Background<\/jats:title>Recent assessment of the risk\/benefit ratio of blood transfusion has led to clinical strategies optimising transfusion decisions. These decisions are primarily based on haematocrit (Hct) but not oxygen delivery, the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>). We hypothesised that muscle oxygenation (MOx<\/jats:styled-content>) would correlate with Hct in patients with anaemia and may be a physiologically relevant determinant of the transfusion threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods\/Materials<\/jats:title>MOx<\/jats:styled-content> was non\u2010invasively determined in children in the Cancer and Blood Disorders Center ambulatory clinic at Seattle Children's Hospital using a custom\u2010designed optical probe and spectrometer. MOx<\/jats:styled-content> was compared with contemporaneous Hct. In subjects receiving RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>, MOx<\/jats:styled-content> and Hct were also determined following transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>MOx<\/jats:styled-content> ranged from 36\u00b77 to 100%, and Hct ranged from 17\u00b70 to 38\u00b76% in 27 measurements from 16 patients. High MOx<\/jats:styled-content> values were associated with high Hct. Mean MOx<\/jats:styled-content> for patients with normal Hct for age (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) was 95\u00b79\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b79%. RBC<\/jats:styled-content> transfusion increased mean Hct from 19\u00b71\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00b75% to 29\u00b73\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b70 and mean MOx<\/jats:styled-content> from 67\u00b79\u2009\u00b1\u200921\u00b71% to 89\u00b79\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u00b78%. Among six transfusion episodes (in five patients) with initial Hct\u2009<\u200922, only three had a pre\u2010transfusion MOx<\/jats:styled-content> of <70%. Patients with the lowest pre\u2010transfusion MOx<\/jats:styled-content> had the largest increase in MOx<\/jats:styled-content> after transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>These preliminary data suggest that MOx<\/jats:styled-content> may aid in making transfusion decisions when used in combination with Hct.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T09:27:10Z","timestamp":1484040430000},"page":"25-29","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non\u2010invasive assessment of muscle oxygenation may aid in optimising transfusion threshold decisions in ambulatory paediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"K. A.","family":"Schenkman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. A.","family":"Ciesielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. S. L.","family":"Arakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asplund K.M. SchenkmanK.A. CiesielskiW.A.&ArakakiL.S.(2014). Photon path depth in tissue phantoms: a comparison of visible and Near\u2010Infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Proceedings of SPIE Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue VI 8945. 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