{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:24:00Z","timestamp":1789025040956,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFN<\/jats:styled-content>) occurs when maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content> alloantibodies to fetal red blood cell antigens cross the placenta, causing haemolysis in the fetus and\/or neonate. After delivery, the main concern is hyperbilirubinaemia, which can cause neurological damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarise our current management and outcome data to inform health\u2010care professionals counselling women whose pregnancies are at risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFN<\/jats:styled-content> and to compare these data with relevant studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective descriptive study of all high\u2010risk pregnancies at risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFN<\/jats:styled-content> at Guy's and St. Thomas' <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHS<\/jats:styled-content> Foundation Trust (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSTFT<\/jats:styled-content>) Maternity Unit over a 7\u2010year period. We defined high\u2010risk pregnancies as those in whom anti\u2010D, anti\u2010c, anti\u2010K or high (&gt;32 or doubling strength) titres of all other antibodies were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 130 pregnancies in 112 women were followed up. A single alloantibody was found in 93 pregnancies (71.5%) and multiple alloantibodies in 37 pregnancies (28.5%). Anti\u2010D was most commonly encountered (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948, 36.9%), followed by anti\u2010c (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931, 23.8%) and anti\u2010E (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915, 11.5%).<\/jats:p><jats:p>In 65 of 130 pregnancies (50%), antibody concentrations triggered scans to screen for fetal anaemia. Of 130 pregnancies, 6 (4.6%) required intrauterine transfusions, and 31 of 130 (26%) neonates required post\u2010natal intervention. Overall, morbidity was 0.1% and mortality 0.002%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that morbidity and mortality caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFN<\/jats:styled-content> is minimal. These results are reassuring for women at risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDFN<\/jats:styled-content> as even severely affected cases are successfully managed in most instances. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T09:23:35Z","timestamp":1497345815000},"page":"275-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A descriptive single\u2010centre experience of the management and outcome of maternal alloantibodies in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Chatziantoniou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Department Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7965-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Heeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Department Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Department Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rozette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fountain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Department Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pasupathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Department Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1973.tb11195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"548","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of pregnancies affected by haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn and managed with intrauterine transfusion: a service evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Birchenall K.A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812103392410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2007.00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2011.544139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.03006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00434-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.1.F6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802268880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Hospital Episode Statistics(2013)NHS Maternity Statistics 2011\u201012 Summary Report. 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