{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T18:32:00Z","timestamp":1772130720870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In \u03b2\u2010thalassemia, there are varying degrees of ineffective haematopoiesis, intermittent haemolysis and iron overload. Excess iron is deposited in organs such as the heart, the liver, the endocrine glands and the lungs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the pulmonary functions in asymptomatic beta thalassemic children on regular transfusion therapy and their relation to iron overload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 50 transfusion\u2010dependent \u03b2\u2010thalassemic children and 50 apparently healthy children as control. All children had undergone pulmonary function tests (spirometry, lung volumes and diffusion capacities). In addition, test to determine the mean serum ferritin of the last 2\u2009years and pre\u2010transfusion haemoglobin and chest radiograph and echocardiography were performed for the thalassemic children only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 70% of the thalassemic children had diffusion impairment, whereas 34% of them had associated restrictive abnormality. Thalassemic children with serum ferritin &gt;2500\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> had significantly lower values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEFR), total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Only diffusion impairment had a significant positive correlation with serum ferritin level. Restrictive impairment had significant positive correlations with age, duration of blood transfusion and serum ferritin level and a significant negative correlation with duration of chelation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Having a serum ferritin &gt;2500\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was the only predicting factor for diffusion impairment and the strongest predicting factor for restrictive dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite being asymptomatic, the majority of thalassemic children in this study suffered from diffusion impairment either alone or in combination with restrictive dysfunction. These pulmonary dysfunctions correlated significantly with body iron stores measured by serum ferritin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T05:07:40Z","timestamp":1550552860000},"page":"55-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pulmonary functions in Egyptian children with transfusion\u2010dependent \u03b2\u2010thalassemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A. A.","family":"Abd El Hakeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine, Minia University  El\u2010Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0024-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. O.","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine, Minia University  El\u2010Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"AbdelFattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chest Diseases Department Faculty of Medicine, Minia University  El\u2010Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. O.","family":"AbdelAziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chest Diseases Department Faculty of Medicine, Minia University  El\u2010Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Abd El Azeim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine, Minia University  El\u2010Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972306070376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08880018.2010.543449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.5.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to overdose desferrioxamine: report of a child","volume":"60","author":"Atas B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of 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