{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:24:00Z","timestamp":1753439040403,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we describe how we developed and validated key performance indicators (KPIs) for pre\u2010hospital blood transfusion and offer suggestions for other organisations wishing to develop performance metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>KPIs are metrics that compare actual care against an ideal structure, process or outcome standard. An increasing number of UK\u2010based pre\u2010hospital critical care services now carry blood components to enable pre\u2010hospital blood transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A working group of pre\u2010hospital physicians and paramedics was formed to create and validate performance indicators that reflected a high\u2010quality pre\u2010hospital transfusion. This was performed by literature searching and reviewing consensus documents that guide the best practice and then adjusting the indicators as the process evolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Throughout the year, the performance against the domains was monitored monthly and outputs communicated within the clinical staff of the organisation; at the end of the year, the domains were amended. The final list of performance indicators was as follows: (a) rationale for transfusion documented in the notes; (b) rationale for transfusion in line with Thames Valley Air Ambulance blood transfusion guideline; (c) aggressive management of hypothermia; (d) tranexamic acid administered within an hour of injury; (e) evidence of bleeding in hospital; (f) monitoring of adverse effects of blood transfusion; (g) overall\u2014was the use of blood justified; and (h) no units wasted this month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has shown that it is feasible to devise and implement clinical performance indicators for pre\u2010hospital blood transfusion and that their use has increased the focus on this important area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T09:13:27Z","timestamp":1583745207000},"page":"134-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Developing clinical performance indicators for pre\u2010hospital blood transfusion: The Thames Valley Air Ambulance approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1756-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Raitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thames Valley Air Ambulance, Stokenchurch Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3849-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Haemophilia &amp; Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Churchill Hospital Oxford UK"},{"name":"Blood Theme, Oxford Centre for Haematology NIHR BRC Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pip","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registrar in Emergency Medicine, Defence Deanery UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registrar in Pre\u2010Hospital Emergency Medicine Thames Valley Air Ambulance Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurtis","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Audit Lead, Thames Valley Air Ambulance Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhushy","family":"Surendra Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Pre\u2010Hospital Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0610-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"NICE Guideline 39. Major Trauma: Assessment and Initial Management (2016). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0356-2"},{"volume-title":"Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness","year":"2008","author":"Thaler R","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2016-205871.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31553-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2018-207693","article-title":"Implementation of tranexamic acid for bleeding trauma patients: a longitudinal and crosssectional study","volume":"36","author":"Coats TJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A report of 2\u2009years of pre\u2010hospital blood transfusions by Thames Valley Air Ambulance","volume":"20","author":"Raitt JE","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-708-NCOBT","article-title":"Noninfectious complications of blood transfusion","volume":"131","author":"Eder AF","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"}],"container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftme.12668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tme.12668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tme.12668","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tme.12668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T20:55:53Z","timestamp":1722545753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tme.12668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tme.12668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tme.12668","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-7578","1365-3148"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0958-7578"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-3148"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}