{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:29:12Z","timestamp":1790036952827,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increasing incidence of syphilis worldwide has called attention to the risk of transmission by transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of active syphilis in blood donors and characterise the serological profile of syphilis\u2010positive donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples positive for <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) during blood donor screening from 2017 to 2018 were tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) non\u2010treponemal test and for anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> IgM by ELISA (Immunoassay Enzyme test for detection of IgM antibodies). The INNO\u2010LIA Syphilis test (Line Immuno Assay solid test for confirmation antibodies to <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>) was performed as a confirmatory test on samples that were positive on ELISA<jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>IgM but negative on VDRL. ELISA\u2010IgM (+) samples were also tested for <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> DNA in sera by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 248\u2009542 samples screened, 1679 (0.67%) were positive for syphilis by CMIA. Further analysis was performed on 1144 (68.1%) of these samples. Of those tested, 16% were ELISA IgM(+)\/VDRL(+), 16.5% were ELISA IgM(\u2212)\/VDRL(+), 4.1% were ELISA IgM(+)\/VDRL(\u2212), and 63.4% were ELISA IgM (\u2212)\/VDRL(\u2212). The INNO\u2010LIA Syphilis test results were 33 (3%) positive, 2 (0.2%) undetermined and 12 (1%) negative. Of the 230 EIA\u2010IgM(+) samples (20.1%), 5 (2.2%) were PCR positive. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2017 and 2018 was 0.1% and 0.07%, respectively, and overall prevalence of serologic markers for syphilis was highest among male, unmarried, 25\u201334\u2010year\u2010olds with a high school education and who were first\u2010time donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted syphilis in blood banks that exclusively use the VDRL test for donor screening, as is currently the situation in some Brazilian blood centres, as well as in other blood centres around the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T03:43:29Z","timestamp":1611287009000},"page":"121-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Detection and analysis of blood donors seropositive for syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Attie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8490-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"de Almeida\u2010Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Disciplina de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"S. Witkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Medica em Virologia (LIM 52) Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Derriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Nishiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco\u2010Immuno\u2010Hematology (LIM\u201031), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerenice E.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Medica em Virologia (LIM 52) Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Patologia Instituto Adolf Lutz  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia de Souza Xavier","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanci","family":"Alves Salles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tila","family":"Facincani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; Medicina Transfusional Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3557-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose E.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Medica em Virologia (LIM 52) Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester C.","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanderson","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Pesquisa &amp; 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