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However, the literature both supports and conflicts with a role for platelets in limiting invasion. Also, the effect of platelet numbers on invasion (parasitemia) has not been thoroughly investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods\/materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> strains FCR3S1.2 and W2mef were cultured with group O erythrocytes. The cultures were synchronised and supplemented with pooled platelets at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:2. Parasitemia was measured at 40\u2009h by flow cytometry and by microscopy of blood smears.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A linear relationship was observed between reduced invasion and increased platelet numbers at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:20. However, this effect was reversed at lower ratios (1:10\u20131:2). Microscopic evaluation revealed aggregation and attachment of platelets to erythrocytes, but not specifically to parasitised erythrocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that under physiological P:E ratios (approx. 1:10\u20131:40), platelets inhibited <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> invasion in a dose\u2010dependent manner. At ratios of 1:10 and below, platelets did not further increase the inhibitory effect and, although the trend was reversed, inhibition was still maintained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1620963920000},"page":"168-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Platelets inhibit erythrocyte invasion by <scp><i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i><\/scp> at physiological platelet:erythrocyte ratios"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6407-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philaiphon","family":"Jongruamklang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Phayao  Phayao Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Rebetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunohematology Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina E. M.","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services Region Sk\u00e5ne  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services Region Sk\u00e5ne  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services Region Sk\u00e5ne  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill R.","family":"Storry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services Region Sk\u00e5ne  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0211-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000059011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-849307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733519"},{"volume-title":"Methods in Malaria Research","year":"2013","author":"Moll K","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10606"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Cultivation techniques for the erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites","volume":"47","author":"Bertagna P","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009198107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"KanekoO.Pf Clone's Origin;1999.https:\/\/www.m.ehime-u.ac.jp\/school\/parasitology\/eng\/Strain1.htm. 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