{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:31:00Z","timestamp":1790796660933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequent blood donors who contribute multiple times annually are important for maintaining an adequate blood supply. However, repeated donations exacerbate iron deficiency, which can lead to pica, a condition characterised as repeated eating or chewing of a non\u2010nutritious substance such as ice, clay and dirt. Understanding characteristics of frequent donors that are associated with increased risk for developing pica will help to identify them and prevent this adverse consequence of blood donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic, clinical, haematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 1693 high\u2010intensity donors who gave nine or more units of whole blood in the preceding 2\u2009years. Pica was classified by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8\u00a0oz of ice daily and\/or consumption of non\u2010ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pica was present in 1.5% of the high\u2010intensity donors, and only occurred in those with ferritin &lt;50\u2009ng\/ml<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Of 16 candidate variables, only haematocrit (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.835, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.020) was independently associated with pica. Although severe iron deficiency was more prevalent in high\u2010intensity donors, pica behaviours were less prevalent than in less frequent donors (2.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have uncovered predictors of pica in high\u2010intensity donors, which further emphasises the need to continue to implement iron replacement programs to reduce the prevalence of pica and maintain a robust pool of frequent donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T01:55:04Z","timestamp":1656122104000},"page":"288-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in high\u2010intensity blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hefei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin  Wauwatosa Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs  Dedham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grier P.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Mast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)\u2010III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537\u20102995.2010.02865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"AlNY PicaAAJ.StatPearls.2020;1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12260.Restless"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)31928\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10"}],"container-title":["Transfusion 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