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Two reviewers screened, extracted, and analysed data. We used Cochrane ROB (Risk of Bias)1 for RCTs, ROBINS\u2010I for non\u2010RCTs, and GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 30 RCTs and 2 non\u2010RCTs showed no overall difference between groups for all\u2010cause mortality and adverse events in four comparisons. Certainty of the evidence was downgraded for high ROB and imprecision. (1) CP versus standard care (SoC) (20 RCTS, 2 non\u2010RCTs, very\u2010low to moderate\u2010high certainty); (2) CP versus biologically active control (6 RCTs, very\u2010low certainty); (3) hIVIG versus SoC (3 RCTs, very\u2010low certainty); (4) early CP versus deferred CP (1 RCT, very\u2010low certainty). Subgrouping by titre improved precision in one outcome (30\u2010day mortality) for the \u2018COVID high\u2010titre\u2019 category in Comparison 1 (no difference, high certainty) and Comparison 2 (favours CP, very\u2010low certainty). <jats:italic>Post hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis suggests a possible benefit of CP in patients testing negative for antibodies at baseline, compared with those testing positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A minimum titre should be established and ensured for a positive biological response to the therapy. Further research on the impact of CP\/hIVIG in patients who have not yet produced antibodies to the virus would be useful to target therapies at groups who will potentially benefit the most.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T12:25:25Z","timestamp":1669119925000},"page":"26-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma or immunoglobulin treatment for people with severe respiratory viral infections due to coronaviruses or influenza"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Kimber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Review Initiative NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9287-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail A.","family":"Lamikanra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Pathology Directorate National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise J.","family":"Geneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Review Initiative NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7337-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josie","family":"Sandercock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Review Initiative NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Dor\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Review Initiative NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research Sanquin\/Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise J.","family":"Estcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Review Initiative NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Haematology\/Transfusion Medicine NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard.World Health Organisation (WHO) Emergency Dashboard.2022. 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