{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:15:48Z","timestamp":1791526548621,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3HL152189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3HL152189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Voluntary non\u2010remunerated blood donors (VNRBDs) are essential to sustain national blood supplies. Expanding testing capacity for the major transfusion\u2010transmitted infections (TTI) is crucial to ensure safe blood products. Understanding trends in TTIs can inform prioritisation of resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort data analysis of routine blood donation data collected from VNRBDs by the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service from January 2015 to October 2021. Variables included age, occupation; and screening results of TTIs (HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and syphilis). We estimated both prevalence and incidence per person\u2010year for each TTI using longitudinal and spatial logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 213\u2009626 donors, 204\u2009920 (95.8%) donors were included in the final analysis. Most donors (77.4%) were males, baseline median age was 19.9 (IQR 18.0, 24.1), 70.9% were students, and over 80.0% were single at first donation. Overall TTI prevalence among donors was 10.7%, with HBV having the highest prevalence (3.4%), followed by syphilis (3.3%), then HIV (2.4%) and HCV (2.4%). Incidence per 1000 person\u2010years for syphilis was 20.1 (19.0, 21.3), HCV was 18.4 (17.3, 19.5), HBV was 13.7 (12.8, 14.7), and HIV was 11.4 (10.6, 12.3). We noted geographical variations with the northern region having lower rates of both prevalence and incidence compared to central and southern regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The individual TTI prevalence and incidence rates from this study are consistent with Southern African regional estimates. By identifying geographical variations of TTI prevalence and incidence, these findings could potentially inform prioritisation of blood collection efforts to optimise blood collection processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.13006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T06:58:40Z","timestamp":1697180320000},"page":"483-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence and incidence of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections among blood donors in Malawi: A population\u2010level study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Singogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maganizo","family":"Chagomerana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Van Ryn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Twin Cities  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"M'bwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Blood Transfusion Service  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Likaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Blood Transfusion Service  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridon","family":"M'baya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Blood Transfusion Service  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Puerto\u2010Meredith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Effie","family":"Chipeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mwapasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamson","family":"Muula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cavan","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Twin Cities  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina C.","family":"Hosseinipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Malawi BLOODSAFE Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010018\u20105555\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmw003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/15.3.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"NjolomoleSE M'BayaB NdhlovuD et al.Post Baseline Situational Analysis of Blood Safety in Malawi 2015. 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