{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T13:41:22Z","timestamp":1770558082333,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010629","name":"Fulbright Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to determine the performance of a large language model (LLM) with a zero\u2010shot strategy for the classification of several factors relevant to the consideration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) weaning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In many cases, IVIg should be weaned to prevent excessive resource utilisation and adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort study was conducted examining neurology outpatients receiving regular IVIg in a 2\u2010month period. Prespecified criteria were used to determine how many individuals were suitable for IVIg weaning. A LLM was applied to determine the level of performance with which the model could provide answers to the prespecified criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the inclusion period, 14 individuals were identified and four patients fulfilled the criteria for possible IVIg weaning. The total annual cost saving with IVIg weaning was conservatively estimated to be $84702.20 (1433.9\u2009g of IVIg annually). The LLM achieved an overall classification accuracy of 78.6% (11\/14) when a rule\u2010based approach was applied to the individual criteria that it extracted from notes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further research is indicated to determine the frequency with which patients suitable for IVIg weaning are identified at other centres and the degree to which LLM may be able to assist with this process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T09:15:02Z","timestamp":1762334102000},"page":"79-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous immunoglobulin weaning evaluation with zero\u2010shot large language model classification"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shrirajh","family":"Satheakeerthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudy","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Stretton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0023-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew E. C.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nivida","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8040-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Howson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kleinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Kovoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Ballarat Base Hospital  Ballarat Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aashray","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weng Onn","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Zannettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SA Health Commission on Excellence and Innovation in Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Vallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia 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Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Bacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyell McEwin Hospital  Elizabeth Vale South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SA Health  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000529110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"National Blood 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