{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:51:14Z","timestamp":1785858674557,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sustaining a safe and sufficient blood supply requires not only recruiting first\u2010time donors but also retaining them over time. In Saudi Arabia, donor retention remains poorly understood, with limited data on return behavior, demographic influences, and temporal trends. This study aims to evaluate patterns of donor return at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia and explore implications for blood supply stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective observational analysis of 48\u2009241 blood donations by 38\u2009562 unique blood donors at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital from November 2019 to November 2024. Donors were classified as first\u2010time or repeat donors based on donation frequency. Inter\u2010donation intervals, monthly donation trends, and seasonal influences (Ramadan and Hajj) were assessed using descriptive statistics and chi\u2010square tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only 13.2% of donors returned for a subsequent donation, yet these repeat donors contributed 30.6% of all blood units. The average inter\u2010donation interval was 455\u2009days, with 29.2% returning after more than 500\u2009days. Significant seasonal variation was observed in which repeat donation rates declined during Ramadan (27.1%) and Hajj (29.5%) compared to other months (31.0%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Demographically, older age was positively associated with repeat donation, while female participation remained low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Donor retention in Saudi Arabia is low and characterized by wide variability in return timing. These findings underscore the need for structured, behaviorally informed retention strategies. We propose a relationship\u2010centered strategic framework to improve donor engagement, leveraging personalized communication, cultural inclusivity, and temporal targeting to enhance blood supply resilience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T14:18:48Z","timestamp":1765894728000},"page":"222-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Donor retention and return patterns in\n                    <scp>Saudi Arabia<\/scp>\n                    : Implications for blood safety and supply stability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8536-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajnat A.","family":"Tounsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra S.","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Blood safety and availability.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20110052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2009.01267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03479.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and motivation regarding blood donation among Riyadh, Saudi Arabia residents","volume":"7","author":"Alharkan AA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000043479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2007.00990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2025.104119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S328981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S360091"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"771","article-title":"Why do Saudi women refrain donating their blood?\u2014a study on the attitude, belief and motivation of Saudi female university students towards blood donation","volume":"62","author":"Al\u2010Johar AW","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59324\/ejmhr.2024.2(3).18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/rmj.20240416055654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S254168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2022.43.12.20220634"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards blood donation among students of the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at king Abdulaziz university","volume":"9","author":"Felimban R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Res Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2023.09.2366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Gender differences in giving blood: a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Bani M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"U.S. Blood Donation Statistics and Public Messaging Guide","author":"America's Blood Centers; 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