{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:12:53Z","timestamp":1779282773653,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic transfusion therapy has improved outcomes in children with Beta\u2010Thalassaemia Major (BTM) and sickle cell disease (SCD). However, exposure to multiple blood transfusions introduces challenges such as alloimmunisation, which hinders further transfusions and makes finding matching units more difficult. As a measure to limit exposure of multi\u2010transfused patients to multiple donors, the limited donor exposure program (LDEP) was introduced, where phenotyped blood from committed voluntary 3\u20135 donors is donated at intervals to each patient. In this study, we aimed to compare the frequency of alloantibodies in a group of patients in LDEP with those receiving blood from multiple donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was carried out on 140 randomly selected multi\u2010transfused paediatric BTM and SCD patients from Ain Shams University Paediatrics Hospital (66 of whom were in LDEP). All participants were subjected to full history taking including clinical and transfusion history, antibody screening for alloantibodies, and antibody identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The studied group of patients had a mean age of 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009years with M\/F ratio 1.1:1. Factors like gender (higher in females), splenectomy, frequent transfusions, and history of receiving non\u2010phenotyped blood were significantly associated with higher alloimmunisation. LDEP group showed significantly lower alloimmunisation rates than those receiving blood from multiple donors (7.6% vs. 86.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LDEP applied on a segment of multi\u2010transfused patients at Ain Shams University Paediatric Haematology Clinic was associated with a lower, statistically significant prevalence of red cell alloantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T12:50:08Z","timestamp":1779281408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of limited donor phenotyped blood transfusion on alloimmunisation in children with thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menna Allah Zakaria Mohammad Ali","family":"Abou Elwafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4781-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deena Mohamed Mohamed","family":"Habashy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7990-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Magdy Abdelmordy","family":"Zidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Soliman Elsayed","family":"Ebeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology and BMT, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21079","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78333-y","article-title":"A study of red blood cell alloimmunization and autoimmunization among 200 multitransfused Egyptian \u03b2 thalassemia patients","volume":"10","author":"El\u2010Beshlawy A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Screening for B\u2010thalassemia carriers among students in secondary school Faqous, Sharkia","volume":"5","author":"Hesham M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zagzig Uni Med 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