{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:16:05Z","timestamp":1788344165635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate anti\u2010CD38 antibody candidates for their ability to bind to DTT\u2010treated CD38 and red blood cells (RBCs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of RBCs is routinely used to denature CD38 and mitigate interference from anti\u2010CD38 antibodies, such as daratumumab and isatuximab, in immunohematology testing. However, new anti\u2010CD38 antibodies are in development, some of which may be directed against linear or otherwise DTT\u2010resistant epitopes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods\/Materials<\/jats:title>\n Anti\u2010CD38 antibody candidates were titrated in an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess their ability to bind to untreated and DTT\u2010treated recombinant CD38. Antibody binding was subsequently confirmed by flow cytometry of RBCs. Daratumumab and felzartamab were then tested on a panel of native and DTT\u2010treated RBCs in the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n All antibodies except felzartamab failed to bind to DTT\u2010denatured CD38 in ELISA at concentrations up to 1.25\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Flow cytometry confirmed this binding pattern. In the IAT, some DTT\u2010treated cells remained positive with felzartamab, despite being negative with daratumumab.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Not all epitopes of anti\u2010CD38 antibodies are fully DTT\u2010sensitive. This has important implications for handling of anti\u2010CD38 antibody induced interference in immunohematology, and raises the question of whether DTT is an adequate solution for interference mitigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:37:45Z","timestamp":1788341865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Not all anti\u2010\n CD38<\/scp>\n antibodies are created equal: The epitope of felzartamab is partially\n DTT<\/scp>\n \u2010resistant"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Zeretzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imusyn GmbH & Co. KG Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Trummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imusyn GmbH & Co. KG Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7022-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora P.","family":"Habicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imusyn GmbH & Co. KG Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6235-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Schneeweiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imusyn GmbH & Co. KG Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078\u20100432.CCR\u201014\u20100695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102024\u2010199381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1410457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102019\u2010125788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973\u20106247.214358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102172\u20105\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17253"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Molecular immunohaematology round table discussions at the AABB annual meeting, Orlando 2016","volume":"16","author":"Flegel WA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"e36","article-title":"International forum on typing and matching strategies in patients on anti\u2010CD 38 monoclonal therapy","volume":"113","author":"Vooght KMK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2005.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70269"}],"container-title":["Transfusion Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tme.70112","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tme.70112","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tme.70112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:37:47Z","timestamp":1788341867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tme.70112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tme.70112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tme.70112","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-7578","1365-3148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-7578","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"tme.70112"}}