{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:09:10Z","timestamp":1790291350206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The microbiologic causes of bloodstream infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content>) may differ between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients and direct initial empiric antibiotic treatment (<jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>. treatment before culture results are available). We retrospectively assessed community\u2010acquired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> episodes in adults in Cambodia according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status for spectrum of bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance patterns and appropriateness of empiric antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood cultures were systematically performed in patients suspected of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> in a referral hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Data were collected between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 452 culture\u2010confirmed episodes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSI<\/jats:styled-content> were recorded in 435 patients, of whom 17.9% and 82.1% were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative, respectively. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> accounted for one\u2010third (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0155, 32.9%) of 471 organisms, with similar rates in both patient groups. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella cholereasuis<\/jats:italic> were more frequent in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients (17\/88 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 38\/383 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and 10\/88 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 5\/383 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001)). <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> was more common in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients (39\/383 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2\/88, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). High resistance rates among commonly used antibiotics were observed, including 46.6% ceftriaxone resistance among <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> isolates. Empiric antibiotic treatments were similarly appropriate in both patient groups but did not cover antibiotic\u2010resistant <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> (both patient groups), <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> (both groups) and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present data do not warrant different empiric antibiotic regimens for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients in Cambodia. The overall resistance rates compromise the appropriateness of the current treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T16:11:30Z","timestamp":1357575090000},"page":"485-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Does <scp>HIV<\/scp> status affect the aetiology, bacterial resistance patterns and recommended empiric antibiotic treatment in adult patients with bloodstream infection in Cambodia?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Thong","family":"Phe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Vlieghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Brussels Operational Center Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Paris France"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kruy","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sopheak","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"De Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhunheng","family":"Veng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Kham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sovann","family":"Ieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"van Griensven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE Phnom Penh Cambodia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70135-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00294-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"CLSI M100\u2010S22. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty\u2010second Informational Supplement","author":"CLSI","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Bacteremia in hospitalized patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: a case\u2010control study of risk factors and outcome","volume":"8","author":"Fichtenbaum CJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Reconsidering empiric cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for infants exposed to HIV infection","volume":"82","author":"Gill CJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.6.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07695-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"NCHADS(2011).Estimation of the HIV Prevalence among General Population in Cambodia 2010. Consensus Workshop on HIV Estimation for Cambodia. 7\u20104\u20102011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0531-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.978","article-title":"Causes of community\u2010acquired bacteremia and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Vientiane, Laos","volume":"75","author":"Phetsouvanh R","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.071299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Bacteremia and antimicrobial susceptibilities in HIV\u2010positive patients at Siriraj Hospital","volume":"36","author":"Srifuengfung S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199812150-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(95)92110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.101069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"VliegheE PheT De SmetBet\u00a0al. Bloodstream Infection among Cambodian Adults: Key Pathogens and Resistance Patterns. Abstract presented at the 51th ICAAC September 18\u201021 2011 Chicago US. 9\u201018\u20102011b.2011b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","unstructured":"VliegheE PheT HallinMet\u00a0al. Staphylococcus areus bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults. Abstract # 56\u2010067 poster presented at the 15th ICID June 13\u201316 2012 Bangkok Thailand. 6\u201016\u20102012.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents, Recommendations for a public health approach","author":"WHO","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.12060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.12060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T16:35:20Z","timestamp":1700670920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.12060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.12060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]}}}