{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T12:54:38Z","timestamp":1762520078164},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent epidemiological reports indicate that asymptomatic human infections with <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis or Kala\u2010azar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KA<\/jats:styled-content>), occur frequently in India. We explored markers of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were collected from 286 healthy subjects from 16 villages in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. These individuals were classified into three groups: (i) persons with no history of KA and living in a house where no KA cases were previously reported, (ii) persons with no history of KA but living in a house where KA cases were diagnosed at the time of sampling or in the past, and (iii) successfully treated KA patients. Each sample was tested using a <jats:italic>Leishmania\u2010<\/jats:italic>specific PCR to detect <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA, and two serological tests to demonstrate anti\u2010<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> antibodies: the Direct Agglutination Test and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rK<\/jats:styled-content>39 ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positivity was similar among the three groups (20\u201325%). In contrast, among treated patients, the percentage of serologically positive individuals was roughly five times that of healthy individuals with no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KA<\/jats:styled-content> history, as measured with either test. Living in a house where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KA<\/jats:styled-content> had been reported did not affect seropositivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant proportion of asymptomatic infections of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> exist in endemic regions. Using a combination of molecular and serological tests increases the capacity to detect infections at different stages. Further work is required to understand the kinetics of the markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T06:50:38Z","timestamp":1362639038000},"page":"548-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Molecular and serological markers of <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i> infection in healthy individuals from endemic areas of Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Research Laboratory Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Gidwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Research Laboratory Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 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