{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:28:33Z","timestamp":1789187313308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>Diagnosis of the neurological stage of human African trypanosomiasis is performed by examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) for the presence of trypanosomes and numbers of white blood cells (WBC<\/jats:styled-content>). Both CSF<\/jats:styled-content> parameters are also used to assess treatment outcome during follow\u2010up. In view of the importance of CSF<\/jats:styled-content> examination, and the practical problems encountered with it, we compared the sensitivity of two trypanosome concentration techniques and the repeatability of two cell counting methods, as well as occurrence of systematic differences between them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Patients were recruited at Dipumba hospital, in Mbuji\u2010Mayi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 94 CSF<\/jats:styled-content> samples, trypanosome detection was performed with modified single centrifugation (MSC<\/jats:styled-content>) and double centrifugation (DC<\/jats:styled-content>). On 189 CSF<\/jats:styled-content> samples with \u226430\u00a0cells\/\u03bcl, cell counting was performed in duplicate in a Fuchs\u2013Rosenthal counting chamber and in a disposable Uriglass counting chamber.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Modified single centrifugation detected trypanosomes in significantly (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.0001) more patients (85) than DC<\/jats:styled-content> (46). Cell counts did not differ systematically in the two methods. Variability in the differences between duplicate cell counts was significantly higher (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) in Uriglass (SD<\/jats:styled-content> of differences 2.03) than in Fuchs\u2013Rosenthal (SD<\/jats:styled-content> of differences 1.62).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>For analysis of CSF<\/jats:styled-content> in the context of sleeping sickness stage determination and follow\u2010up after treatment, we strongly recommend the MSC<\/jats:styled-content> for parasite detection and the application of disposable counting chambers. When the first cell count is \u226420\u00a0cells\/\u03bcl, we recommend repeating the counting procedure on the same CSF<\/jats:styled-content> specimen and taking the average of both countings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T07:31:05Z","timestamp":1363678265000},"page":"778-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Stage determination in sleeping sickness: comparison of two cell counting and two parasite detection techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9","family":"Mumba Ngoyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale Kinshasa Gombe Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Menten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pati Patient","family":"Pyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale Kinshasa Gombe Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"B\u00fcscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Lejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement UMR 177 IRD\u2010CIRAD INTERTRYP Campus International de Baillarguet Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis: use of double centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid to detect trypanosomes","volume":"66","author":"Cattand P","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.133-146.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Kande Betu\u2010Ku\u2010MesuV(2009)Rapport annuel 2008. PNLTHA. Kinshasa Programme Nationale de Lutte contre la trypanosomiase humaine Africaine RD Congo."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Body Fluids","author":"Kjeldsberg CR","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90327-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649917"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.024265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis","volume":"881","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine & International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.12102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.12102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T19:48:45Z","timestamp":1697312925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.12102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.12102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]}}}