{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:31:20Z","timestamp":1792798280867,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,3]],"date-time":"2013-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP grants REMOX, PANACEA and TB-NEAT)","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031jv9v19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council (MRC)","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03x94j517","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008391","name":"UBS Optimus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University College London Hospitals","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"UCL Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In high\u2010tuberculosis (TB)\u2010endemic countries, comorbidity of pulmonary TB in hospitalised patients with non\u2010communicable diseases is well documented. In this study, we evaluated the use of the Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay for the detection of concomitant pulmonary TB in patients admitted to the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, with a primary obstetric or gynaecological condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Study population were inpatients admitted with a primary obstetric or gynaecological problem who had a concomitant cough and were able to expectorate a sputum sample. Sputum samples from 94 patients were analysed for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) by standard smear microscopy, MGIT culture, MGIT drug\u2010susceptibility testing (DST) and the Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay were evaluated against the culture gold standard.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010six of 94 (27.7%) patients had culture\u2010confirmed pulmonary TB. The Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay had a sensitivity of 80.8% [95% CI: 60.0\u201392.7%]) compared against MGIT culture. The Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay was more sensitive than sputum smear microscopy (21\/26 (80.8%)\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 13\/26 (50.0%),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02) and detected an additional eight culture\u2010confirmed cases. Culture DST analysis identified two monoresistant\n                      <jats:italic>M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains: one resistant to rifampicin (rifampicin sensitive by the Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay) and one to ethambutol. HIV infection was linked with a 3\u2010fold increase in risk of TB, accounting for 87.5% (21\/24) of TB cases. 50% of cases presented as comorbidities with other communicable diseases (CDs) and non\u2010communicable diseases (NCDs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As an alternative to sputum microscopy, the Xpert\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      MTB\/RIF assay provides a sensitive, specific and rapid method for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in obstetric or gynaecological inpatients. Pulmonary TB is an important cause of concomitant comorbidity to the obstetric or gynaecological condition necessitating admission. TB and HIV comorbidities with other communicable and non\u2010communicable diseases were also common. More proactive screening for TB comorbidity is required in obstetric and gynaecological wards.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,3]],"date-time":"2013-07-03T05:32:51Z","timestamp":1372829571000},"page":"1134-1140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Use of the Xpert\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    MTB\/RIF assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis comorbidity and multidrug\u2010resistant TB in obstetrics and gynaecology inpatient wards at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Microbiology University College London UK"},{"name":"University of Zambia and University College London Medical School Research and Training Programme Lusaka 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Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvester","family":"Sinyangwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zambia and University College London Medical School Research and Training Programme Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"National Tuberculosis Control Programme Ministry of Health Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Maeurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumour Immunology and Microbiology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Microbiology University College London 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