{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:57:25Z","timestamp":1791323845571,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Veterinary Office"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the annual human rabies incidence as a baseline prior to mass dog vaccination campaigns in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N'D<\/jats:styled-content>jam\u00e9na, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>had.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survey of animal bites, involving 50% of all healthcare providers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N'D<\/jats:styled-content>jam\u00e9na, from September 2008 to April 2009. Of 86 people exposed to a suspected rabid animal, 50% received post\u2010exposure vaccination and a further 8% had their wound cleaned. We estimated annual incidence of bites from suspected rabid animals of 12.9\/100\u00a0000 and an incidence of 0.7 human rabies deaths\/100\u00a0000, resulting in 7 estimated deaths (95% confidence interval 4\u201310 deaths) per year in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N'D<\/jats:styled-content>jam\u00e9na. 14% of bite victims sought help from veterinarians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Closer cooperation between physicians and veterinarians warrants more effective rabies control. The high proportion (42%) of potentially exposed people without post\u2010exposure vaccination or wound treatment necessitates urgent attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:57:41Z","timestamp":1381543061000},"page":"1555-1562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Survey of animal bite injuries and their management for an estimate of human rabies deaths in <scp>N<\/scp>\u2019Djam\u00e9na, <scp>C<\/scp>had"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Frey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mindekem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Support en Sant\u00e9 Internationale N'Djam\u00e9na Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kessely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Support en Sant\u00e9 Internationale N'Djam\u00e9na Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Doumagoum Moto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Support en Sant\u00e9 Internationale N'Djam\u00e9na Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Na\u00efssengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha N'Djam\u00e9na Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zinsstag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Schelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Estimating human rabies mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania from dog bite injuries","volume":"80","author":"Cleaveland S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Laboratory Techniques in Rabies","author":"Dean DJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"JP Gami 2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"The Natural History of Rabies","author":"Hattwick MAW","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Coverage of pilot parenteral vaccination campaign against canine rabies in N'Djam\u00e9na, Chad","volume":"81","author":"Kayali U","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00114-2","article-title":"Community\u2010based active surveillance for rabies in Machakos District, Kenya","volume":"44","author":"Kitala PM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re\u2010evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel DL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.7.5.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"The Geography of Risk factors of Rabies Transmission in Urban Settings: The Case of N'Djam\u00e9na, Chad [in French]","author":"Mindekem R","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"La D\u00e9mographie Canine Et Son Importance Pour La Transmission De La Rage Humaine \u00e0 N'Djam\u00e9na","volume":"1","author":"Mindekem R","year":"2005","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Tchad(2008)Annuaire des Statistiques sanitaires du Tchad. Tome A 22\u00e8me \u00e9dition. Division du syst\u00e8me d'information sanitaire. Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Tchad N'Djam\u00e9na."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de l'Economie et du Plan(2009)Deuxi\u00e8me recensement g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la population et de l'habitat de la R\u00e9publique du Tchad R\u00e9sultats Globaux. Institut national de la statistique des \u00e9tudes \u00e9conomiques et d\u00e9mographiques INSEED. RGPH2 Septembre 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.12.1.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Rabies. 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