{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:30:18Z","timestamp":1762079418182},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report cutaneous leishmaniasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>) in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population included all patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content> reported from Polonnaruwa district from January 2008 through April 2012. Data were collected in the dermatology unit of Polonnaruwa General Hospital and the regional epidemiology unit of Polonnaruwa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and forty six patients with leishmaniasis were detected; clinical details were available for 362. Mean annual incidence of leishmaniasis between 2008 and 2012 in Polonnaruwa district was 26.2 per 100\u00a0000. The case incidence steadily increased during the study period. Case distribution by month peaked between August and November. Cases were geographically clustered in three administrative divisions with a mean annual incidence ranging from 94.7 to 54.1 per 100\u00a0000 population. Significantly more (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>294, 65.9%) males than females were affected (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for goodness of fit\u00a0=\u00a048.4, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). The commonest type of lesion was nodules (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>157, 43.4%) followed by crust (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>116, 32.0%). The majority of patients had lesions on upper limbs (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>144, 39.8%) or the face (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>117, 32.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing in Polonnaruwa, with clear spatial and temporal clustering. Sri Lanka needs more vigilant leishmaniasis surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T08:16:07Z","timestamp":1385367367000},"page":"140-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka 2008\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rohana","family":"Sandanayaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit Regional Director of Health Services Office Polonnaruwa Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Kahawita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit General Hospital Polonnaruwa Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit General Hospital Polonnaruwa Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisira","family":"Siribaddana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Saliyapura Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suneth","family":"Agampodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Saliyapura Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v52i1.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Locally acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka","volume":"95","author":"Athukorale DN","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal Tropical Medicine Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Selected notifiable diseases reported by Medical Officers of Health","volume":"36","author":"Epidemiological Unit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Selected notifiable diseases reported by Medical Officers of Health","volume":"37","author":"Epidemiological Unit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90061-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.060773"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"First report of mucosal tissue localisation of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka","volume":"50","author":"Rajapaksa US","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ceylon Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060242"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"Urbanization: an increasing risk factor for leishmaniasis. Weekly epidemiological record","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2012.Leishmaniasis [Online].Geneva. Available:http:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/burden\/en\/(Accessed 29 September 2012)."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftmi.12232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.12232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T11:27:25Z","timestamp":1696159645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.12232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.12232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12232","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]}}}