{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T16:18:51Z","timestamp":1756570731875,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>Only L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania major<\/jats:italic> is well known as a causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL<\/jats:styled-content>) in I<\/jats:styled-content>ran. Our objective was to find L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites circulating in reservoir hosts, sand flies and human simultaneously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Sand flies, rodents and prepared smears of humans were sampled. DNA<\/jats:styled-content> of L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites was extracted, and two fragments of ITS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010rDNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene amplified by PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. RFLP<\/jats:styled-content> and sequencing were employed to identify L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania major<\/jats:italic> and L<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0turanica<\/jats:italic> were identified unequivocally by targeting and sequencing ITS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010rDNA<\/jats:styled-content> from humans, rodents and sand flies. The new L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> species close to gerbilli<\/jats:italic> (G<\/jats:styled-content>enB<\/jats:styled-content>ank Accession Nos. EF413076<\/jats:ext-link>; EF413087<\/jats:ext-link>) was discovered only in sand flies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Based on parasite detection of ITS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010rDNA<\/jats:styled-content> in main and potential reservoir hosts and vectors and humans, we conclude that at least two L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> species are common in the T<\/jats:styled-content>urkmen Sahra ZCL<\/jats:styled-content> focus. Phylogenetic analysis proved that the new L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> is closely related to L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> mammal parasites (L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>, L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania\u00a0turanica<\/jats:italic>, L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania\u00a0gerbilli<\/jats:italic>). Its role as a principal agent of ZCL<\/jats:styled-content> is unknown because it was found only in sand flies. Our findings shed new light on the transmission cycles of several L<\/jats:styled-content>eishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites in sand flies, reservoir hosts and humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T07:53:30Z","timestamp":1388649210000},"page":"355-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High density of L<\/scp>eishmania major<\/i> and rarity of other mammals' L<\/scp>eishmania<\/i> in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, I<\/scp>ran"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Bordbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systematics Laboratory Parasitology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parviz","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systematics Laboratory Parasitology Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360285"},{"volume-title":"Macdonald Encyclopedia of Mammals","year":"1980","author":"Boitani L","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","article-title":"High infection frequency, low diversity of Leishmania major and first detection of Leishmania turanica in human in northern Iran","author":"Bordbar A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression, and enzymatic assay of pteridine reductase 1 from iranian Lizard Leishmania","volume":"14","author":"kazemi B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iranian Biomedical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000150164","article-title":"Ecology of Leishmania","volume":"82","author":"Killick\u2010Kendrick R","year":"1981","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"45","author":"Lewis DJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"667","article-title":"Discovery and study of Leishmania turanica for the first time in China","volume":"73","author":"Li\u2010Ren G","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Complete conservation of an immunogenic gene (lcr1) in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania chagasi isolated from Iran, Spain and Brazil","volume":"47","author":"Mahmoudzadeh\u2010Niknam H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Molecular detection and conventional identification of Leishmania species in reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fars province, south of Iran","volume":"8","author":"Mirzaei A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Key for species identification of sandflies (Phlebotominae; 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