{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:08:24Z","timestamp":1790615304539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, cytomegalovirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content>) and rubella virus infections are among the most serious of those contracted during pregnancy in terms of foetal consequences. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> and rubella antibody screening is unusual in Africa, and there are few published data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these markers among pregnant women in northern Benin on the occasion of routine syphilis screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> and rubella IgG and IgM antibodies were determined in the serum of 283 women attending Saint Jean de Dieu de Tangui\u00e9ta hospital, using an enzyme immunoassay, and IgM were confirmed using an enzyme\u2010linked fluorescent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELFA<\/jats:styled-content>). In the case of IgM positivity, the avidity of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> IgG was measured. Total anti\u2010<jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> antibodies were determined using an enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by immunoblotting. In the case of positivity, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDRL<\/jats:styled-content>) test was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma,<\/jats:italic> anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content>, anti\u2010rubella IgG and total anti\u2010<jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic> antibodies was, respectively, 30.0%, 100%, 94% and 2.5%. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDRL<\/jats:styled-content> test was positive in 62.5% of the anti\u2010<jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive samples. The prevalence of anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>, anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010rubella IgM was, respectively, 0.4%, 1.4% and 0%. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age class or trimester of pregnancy. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> and anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> IgG avidity was always high.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content> and rubella antibodies is high in northern Benin, whereas that of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> antibodies is lower. As nearly two\u2010thirds of the pregnant women were anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> seronegative, antibody screening should be introduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T10:51:06Z","timestamp":1394448666000},"page":"743-746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antenatal screening for <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>, Cytomegalovirus, rubella and <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i> infections in northern Benin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Paschale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit Hospital of Legnano Legnano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ceriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I.R.C.C.S. 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