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Studies were included if they reported data on clinical outcomes, patient\u2010reported outcomes and programme\u2010related outcomes that could be related to pill burden for adult and adolescent patients on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>. For the primary outcomes of adherence and virological suppression, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and these were pooled using random effects meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one studies including information on 27\u00a0230 subjects were reviewed. Data from randomised trials showed better adherence among patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDC<\/jats:styled-content>s than among patients who did not (relative risk 1.10, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.98\u20131.22); these findings were consistent with data from observational cohorts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.17, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.07\u20131.28). There was also a tendency towards greater virological suppression among patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDC<\/jats:styled-content>s in randomised trials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.04, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.99\u20131.10) and observational cohort studies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.07, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.97\u20131.18). In all studies reporting patient preference, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDC<\/jats:styled-content>s were preferred. The overall quality of the evidence was rated as low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fixed\u2010dose combinations appear to offer multiple advantages for programmes and patients, particularly with respect to treatment adherence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T05:50:46Z","timestamp":1395035446000},"page":"501-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis: Patient and programme impact of fixed\u2010dose combination antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rubeena","family":"Ramjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Calmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Unit Infectious Disease Service Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Vitoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Department World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Liverpool University Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Department World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"One\u2010pill once\u2010a\u2010day HAART: a simplification strategy that improves adherence and quality of life of HIV\u2010infected subjects","volume":"4","author":"Airoldi M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Fixed\u2010Dose Combinations for HIV\/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. 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