{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:58:17Z","timestamp":1789595897503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gondar University Research and Publication Office (RPO) Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After the epidemics of\n                      <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex in 2004\/05 in human patients, to investigate the presence of antibodies against\n                      <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                      in domestic animals in north\u2010west Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and three domestic animals were screened. Serum and biopsy samples were collected. A modified direct agglutination test (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for canine reservoirs was used to screen serum samples at \u2265 1:320 cut\u2010off titre. Giemsa stain and culture on Novy macNeal Nicolae (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) media were used for biopsy samples. Pre\u2010tested questionnaires were used to elicit information on potential risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibody against\n                      <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                      in domestic animals was detected in 30.5% of animals. The highest seropositivity rates were 41.9% in cattle, 40% in dogs, 33.3% in donkeys, 10% in goats and 4.8% in sheep. No\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasite was isolated from spleen, liver, skin snip and exudates, bone marrow or lymph node of dogs. Dogs owned by households with history of kala\u2010azar treatment and humans sharing the house with cattle were more affected by visceral leishmaniasis (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed a high serological prevalence of leishmaniasis in domestic animals. Their role in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]],"date-time":"2014-10-19T23:14:58Z","timestamp":1413760498000},"page":"205-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Preliminary survey of domestic animal visceral leishmaniasis and risk factors in north\u2010west Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ambaye","family":"Kenubih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health Addis Ababa University Debre Ziet Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimelis","family":"Dagnachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Para\u2010Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gondar University Gondar 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