{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1774591458849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009054","name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2008-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess sustained siphon filter usage among a low\u2010income population in Bangladesh and study relevant motivators and barriers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a randomised control trial in Bangladesh during 2009, 191 households received a siphon water filter along with educational messages. Researchers revisited households after 3 and 6\u00a0months to assess filter usage and determine relevant motivators and barriers. Regular users were defined as those who reported using the filter most of the time and were observed to be using the filter at follow\u2010up visits. Integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WASH<\/jats:styled-content>) was used to explain factors associated with regular filter use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regular filter usage was 28% at the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up and 21% at the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. Regular filter users had better quality water at the 6\u2010month, but not at the 3\u2010month visit. Positive predictors of regular filter usage explained through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WASH<\/jats:styled-content> at both times were willingness to pay &gt;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>$1 for filters, and positive attitude towards filter use (technology dimension at individual level); reporting boiling drinking water at baseline (psychosocial dimension at habitual level); and Bengali ethnicity (contextual dimension at individual level). Frequently reported barriers to regular filter use were as follows: considering filter use an additional task, filter breakage and time required for water filtering (technology dimension at individual level).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The technological, psychosocial and contextual dimensions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WASH<\/jats:styled-content> contributed to understanding the factors related to sustained use of siphon filter. Given the low regular usage rate and the hardware\u2010related problems reported, the contribution of siphon filters to improving water quality in low\u2010income urban communities in Bangladesh is likely to be minimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1418397923000},"page":"471-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Explaining low rates of sustained use of siphon water filter: evidence from follow\u2010up of a randomised controlled trial in <scp>B<\/scp>angladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nusrat","family":"Najnin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Monash Melbourne 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