{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:45:35Z","timestamp":1782834335186,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"University of Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure the salinity levels of common water sources in coastal Bangladesh and explore perceptions of water palatability among the local population to investigate the plausibility of linking cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh with ingestion of saline\u2010rich cholera\u2010infected river water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hundred participants took part in a taste\u2010testing experiment of water with varying levels of salinity. Salinity measurements were taken of both drinking and non\u2010drinking water sources. Informal group discussions were conducted to gain an in\u2010depth understanding of water sources and water uses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salinity levels of non\u2010drinking water sources suggest that the conditions for <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> survival exist 7\u20138\u00a0days within the local aquatic environment. However, 96% of participants in the taste\u2010testing experiment reported that they would never drink water with salinity levels that would be conducive to <jats:italic>V.\u00a0cholerae<\/jats:italic> survival. Furthermore, salinity levels of participant's drinking water sources were all well below the levels required for optimal survival of <jats:italic>V.\u00a0cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Respondents explained that they preferred less salty and more aesthetically pleasing drinking water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Theoretically, <jats:italic>V.\u00a0cholerae<\/jats:italic> can survive in the river systems in Bangladesh; however, water sources which have been contaminated with river water are avoided as potential drinking water sources. Furthermore, there are no physical connecting points between the river system and drinking water sources among the study population, indicating that the primary driver for cholera cases in Bangladesh is likely not through the contamination of saline\u2010rich river water into drinking water sources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1420700447000},"page":"455-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Drinking cholera: salinity levels and palatability of drinking water in coastal <scp>B<\/scp>angladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stephen Lawrence","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research COPE University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Crim","family":"Tamason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research COPE University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilqis Amin","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Population Research Centre Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Kj\u00e6r Mackie","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research COPE University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"On the Mode of Communication of Cholera","author":"Snow J","year":"1855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8292(01)00043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00146-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Food as a vehicle of transmission of cholera","volume":"17","author":"Rabbani GH","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Diarrhoeal Dis Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL039312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237386100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Epidemiology of eltor cholera in Rural Bangladesh \u2010 importance of surface\u2010water in transmission","volume":"60","author":"Hughes JM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.56.8.2370-2373.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4645-4654.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"The aquatic flora and fauna as reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae \u2013 a review","volume":"12","author":"Islam MS","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Diarrhoeal Dis Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.44.5.1047-1058.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010WR009914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.45.1.275-283.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90080-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.757-770.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2849-2855.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92340-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.48.2.420-424.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809654105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2003.0006"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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