{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:53:34Z","timestamp":1778648014994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["074833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["074833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268200900033C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268200900033C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TW001140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TW001140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["098504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["098504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the prevalence of seizures, epilepsy and seropositivity to cysticercosis in rural villagers (cysticercosis\u2010endemic setting), rural\u2010to\u2010urban migrants into a non\u2010endemic urban shanty town and urban inhabitants of the same non\u2010endemic shanty town.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three Peruvian populations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0985) originally recruited into a study about chronic diseases and migration were studied. These groups included rural inhabitants from an endemic region (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0200), long\u2010term rural\u2010to\u2010urban migrants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0589) and individuals living in the same urban setting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0196). Seizure disorders were detected by a survey, and a neurologist examined positive respondents. Serum samples from 981\/985 individuals were processed for cysticercosis antibodies on immunoblot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epilepsy prevalence (per 1000 people) was 15.3 in the urban group, 35.6 in migrants and 25 in rural inhabitants. A gradient in cysticercosis antibody seroprevalence was observed: urban 2%, migrant 13.5% and rural group 18% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). A similarly increasing pattern of higher seroprevalence was observed among migrants by age at migration. In rural villagers, there was strong evidence of an association between positive serology and having seizures (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011) but such an association was not observed in long\u2010term migrants or in urban residents. In the entire study population, compared with seronegative participants, those with strong antibody reactions (\u2265\u00a04 antibody bands) were more likely to have epilepsy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is not only international migration that affects cysticercosis endemicity; internal migration can also affect patterns of endemicity within an endemic country. The neurological consequences of cysticercosis infection likely outlast the antibody response for years after rural\u2010to\u2010urban migration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T06:54:42Z","timestamp":1420700082000},"page":"546-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Seizures, cysticercosis and rural\u2010to\u2010urban migration: the <scp>PERU MIGRANT<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Isidro","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Jaime","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"},{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Cjuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Smeeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando E.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor C. W.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"},{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Sciences Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector H.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"},{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Sciences Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Tumbes Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70194-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816957.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000142979.98182.FF"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.255","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis in an Italian traveler to Latin America","volume":"60","author":"Chatel G","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-0936-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","series-title":"Documentos de Trabajo No 58 Serie Politica No 6","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Desplazamiento Por Violencia Politica En El Peru, 1980\u20131992","author":"Coral I","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-9-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.218537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Rizo\u2010PatronP(2007)Peru \u2013 A brief geographic and touristic view. 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