{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:48:28Z","timestamp":1789717708534,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001718","name":"Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NFP-PhD.12\/ 402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFP-PhD.12\/ 402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identifying key features in individual case safety reports (ICSR) of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with cardiometabolic drugs from sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA) compared with reports from the rest of the world (RoW).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports on suspected ADRs of cardiometabolic drugs (ATC: A10[antidiabetic], B01[antithrombotics] and C[cardiovascular]) were extracted from WHO Global database, VigiBase<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>(1992\u20132013). We used vigiPoint, a logarithmic odds ratios (log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> OR)\u2010based method to study disproportional reporting between SSA and RoW. Case\u2010defining features were considered relevant if the lower limit of the 99% CI\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In SSA, 3773 (9%) of reported ADRs were for cardiometabolic drugs, in RoW for 18%. Of these, 79% originated from South Africa and 81% were received after 2007. Most reports were for drugs acting on the renin\u2013angiotensin system (36% SSA &amp; 14% RoW). Compared with RoW, reports were more often sent for patients 18\u201344\u00a0years old (log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> OR 0.95 [99 CI 0.80; 1.09]) or with non\u2010fatal outcome (log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> OR 1.16 [99 CI 1.10; 1.22]). Eight ADRs (cough, angioedema, lip swelling, face oedema, swollen tongue, throat irritation, drug ineffective and blood glucose abnormal) and seven drugs (enalapril, rosuvastatin, perindopril, vildagliptin, insulin glulisine, nifedipine and insulin lispro) were disproportionally more reported in SSA than in the RoW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2018In recent years, the number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA) has sharply increased. The data showed the well\u2010known population\u2010based differential ADR profile of ACE inhibitors in the SSA population.\u2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T13:33:02Z","timestamp":1424525582000},"page":"797-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Adverse Drug Reaction reports for cardiometabolic drugs from sub\u2010Saharan Africa: a study in VigiBase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Derbew Fikadu","family":"Berhe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Tigray Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Juhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Monitoring Centre WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Star","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala Monitoring Centre WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kidanemariam G. 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M.","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Global Health Observatory World Health Statistics.2013a Retrieved from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/publications\/world_health_statistics\/2013\/en\/. [Accessed on July 31 2013]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Uppsala Monitoring Cente (UMC).WHO Programme Members.Countries participating in the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring with year of joining.2014 Available from:http:\/\/www.who-umc.org\/DynPage.aspx?id=100653&mn1=7347&mn2=7252&mn3=7322&mn4=7442. 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